Resources Repository
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Tools/ModelsInteractive, Teaching Resource 2020Interactive Graphic: Interpreting a COVID-19 Test Result
Currently, the most common diagnostic test for COVID-19 relies on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction …
Currently, the most common diagnostic test for COVID-19 relies on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and most often uses samples obtained from the respiratory tract by nasopharyngeal swab. This interactive graphic demonstrates the influence of the prior probability of COVID-19, the test sensitivity (i.e., the probability of a positive test conditional on disease presence), and the test specificity (i.e., the probability of a negative test conditional on disease absence) on the post-test probability of…
Probability/Bayes | Test Performance | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2020Interpreting COVID-19 Test Results: A Bayesian Approach
This article considers the following question with respect to interpreting the results of polymerase chain reaction …
This article considers the following question with respect to interpreting the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays from nasal and pharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 to inform clinical decision making: "While a positive result in an acutely ill patient is straightforward, how should physicians interpret negative tests in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection?" Using an assumption of near-perfect specificity of PCR assays for COVID-19, the authors acknowledge the uncertainty of test sensitivity. They consider two clinical scenarios…
Probability/Bayes | Test Performance | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Global -
ReportPublication 2017DCP3: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty
This report from the World Bank is the ninth and final volume of the Disease …
This report from the World Bank is the ninth and final volume of the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) series. It provides an overview of the findings and methods explored in the first eight volumes, placing them within a framework that identifies an efficient pathway toward essential universal health coverage through the implementation of 21 essential packages that include health interventions and fiscal and intersectoral policies. The Disease Control Priorities Network (DCP) promotes and…
Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Evidence Synthesis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Injuries/Accidents | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
Resource PortalWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2021Disease Control Priorities (DCP3)
DCP3 includes a comprehensive review of the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of priority health interventions …
DCP3 includes a comprehensive review of the efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of priority health interventions with the goal of influencing program design and resource allocation at global and country levels. DCP3 includes nine individual volumes, with the first eight structured around packages of conceptually related interventions, and the ninth providing an overview of main findings. Publicly available resources include journal articles and reports, both DCP3 and non-DCP3 related, as well as presentations, working papers, and book…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Evidence Synthesis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Injuries/Accidents | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Global | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Policy Translation -
ArticlePublication 2017When Cost-Effective Interventions Are Unaffordable
Many health interventions deemed cost-effective are not affordable. Despite the importance of affordability to policymakers, …
Many health interventions deemed cost-effective are not affordable. Despite the importance of affordability to policymakers, little of the cost-effectiveness literature in global health addresses this issue. Budget impact analysis (BIA) describes an intervention's short-term costs and savings from the payer's perspective. This paper assesses the current use of budget impact analysis (BIA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in health economic assessments conducted for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors recommend steps researchers and policymakers can…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
Lesson/ModuleWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2017Translating Science Into Policy: The Role of Decision Science
This module introduces the basic techniques of “decision science” that are used in policy making. …
This module introduces the basic techniques of “decision science” that are used in policy making. The materials are mainly prescriptive, focusing on how to make good decisions, but also include examples of the systematic ways that people make poor decisions. The module: (1) surveys the meanings of utility; (2) examines decision making in conditions where risk is not an issue; (3) examines decision making in conditions where risk is an issue because the likelihood of…
Preferences/Values | Decision Psychology | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Decision Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global | North America | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Decision Making/Leadership | Policy Translation -
Resource PortalPublication, Teaching Resource 2017Immunization Financing: A Resource Guide
This resource guide compiles 26 briefs on topics related to the cost and financing of …
This resource guide compiles 26 briefs on topics related to the cost and financing of national immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries. The guide provides information and analysis to help advocates, policymakers, and program managers assess different financing options, approaches to strategic purchasing, and strategies for policy change, incorporating recent country experience in these areas. The guide is an update to the Immunization Financing Toolkit: A Resource for Policy-Makers and Program Managers, published by…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Decision Making/Leadership | Policy Translation | Quantitative Literacy -
Resource PortalWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2024National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, founded in 1863, has a mission to provide …
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, founded in 1863, has a mission to provide nonpartisan, objective guidance for decision makers on policy challenges in the context of science, engineering, and medicine. NAS reports and convening activities have a wide range of impacts on policy and practice. They guide the development of federal laws and regulations, improve the effectiveness of government programs, shape the direction of research fields, and inform public knowledge and dialogue about…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Evidence Synthesis | Risk Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Injuries/Accidents | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Global Governance | Climate/Environment | Energy/Engineering | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Military/Defense | Global | North America | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Decision Making/Leadership | Policy Translation -
ArticlePublication 2016Rotavirus Vaccines Contribute Towards UHC in A Mixed Public–Private Healthcare System
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) evaluates the non-health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Malaysia from …
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) evaluates the non-health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Malaysia from the household’s perspective. The authors found that rotavirus vaccination reduces rotavirus episodes and expenditure substantially and provides financial risk protection to all income groups. Although the rich are paying more out of pocket than the poor by utilizing more expensive healthcare, the poor are paying more in proportion to household income. Poverty reduction benefits are concentrated amongst the poorest two…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Science/Technology | Infectious Diseases | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific