Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2022Modeling the Relative Risk of Incidence and Mortality of Select Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, saving millions of lives every …
Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, saving millions of lives every year. Ethiopia has seen gradual improvements in immunization coverage and access to child health care services; however, inequalities in child mortality across wealth quintiles and regions remain persistent. This paper models the relative distributional incidence and mortality of four vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) (rotavirus diarrhea, human papillomavirus, measles, and pneumonia) by wealth quintile and geographic region in Ethiopia. The authors approach…
Social Determinants | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2022Conceptualizing Monetary Benchmarks for Health Investments toward Poverty Reduction
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article …
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article aims to conceptualize monetary benchmarks for health sector investments oriented towards poverty alleviation in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Priority setting in low- and lower-middle-income countries could be informed by health-sector PRBs (poverty reduction benchmarks), in addition to burden of disease and cost-effectiveness considerations. The computed PRBs, expressed in dollars per poverty case averted, can possibly be viewed in a manner…
Social Determinants | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2022Equity Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing of Alcohol
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) …
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol would be an effective policy, but high levels of income inequality raise concerns about equity impacts. This paper quantifies the equity impact of MUP on household health and finances in rich and poor drinkers in South Africa. Authors estimate MUP would reduce consumption more among the poorest than the richest drinkers. A MUP policy in South Africa has…
Social Determinants | Priority Setting/Ethics | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2019Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity
This analysis estimates state-specific and demographic subgroup-specific trends and projections of the prevalence of categories …
This analysis estimates state-specific and demographic subgroup-specific trends and projections of the prevalence of categories of body-mass index (BMI) in the United States. Self-reported BMI from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey (1993-1994 and 1999-2016) were obtained and corrected for quantile-specific self-reporting bias. Multinomial regressions were then fitted for each state and subgroup to estimate the prevalence of four BMI categories from 1990 through 2030: underweight or normal weight (BMI <25), overweight (25 to…
Health Outcomes | Social Determinants | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Excess Mortality and Elevated Body Weight in the U.S.
This analysis estimates excess mortality associated with elevated body weight in the United States by …
This analysis estimates excess mortality associated with elevated body weight in the United States by state and demographic subgroup. The authors developed a nationally-representative microsimulation (individual-level) model of US adults between 1999 and 2016, based on risk factor data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and body-mass index (BMI) mortality hazard ratios from a global pooling dataset. The model was calibrated to empirical all-cause mortality rates from CDC WONDER by state and subgroup, and…
Health Outcomes | Social Determinants | Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | North America -
ArticlePublication 2021Individual and Social Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using …
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using national survey data collected before vaccines were available in the U.S. Of note, individuals under the federal poverty level and racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Outcomes included the likelihood of vaccinating self and dependents (e.g., children). Independent variables included perceptions of risk, exposure to different media for COVID-19 news, political party identification, confidence in scientists and social determinants of…
Health Outcomes | Social Determinants | Evidence Synthesis | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ReportPublication 2021What the American Public Thinks About Vaccines and How Framing Can Help
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, …
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, and childhood vaccination more specifically. The authors provide an overview of the existing literature on public thinking about vaccination and on effective communication strategies and interventions that have been either suggested or empirically tested. This description was extracted from the publication abstract.
Social Determinants | Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
NewsPublication 2020Online Anti-Vaccine Movement in the Age of COVID-19
This article discusses a recent report by the Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) that …
This article discusses a recent report by the Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) that lambasted social media companies for allowing the anti-vaccine movement to remain on their platforms. The CCDH report noted that social media accounts held by so-called anti-vaxxers have increased their following by at least 7-8 million people since 2019. “The decision to continue hosting known misinformation content and actors left online anti-vaxxers ready to pounce on the opportunity presented by coronavirus,”…
Social Determinants | Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2018Motivational Interviewing: A Promising Tool to Address Vaccine Hesitancy
In most countries, there is an increase in ‘‘vaccine hesitancy,” defined as the proportion of …
In most countries, there is an increase in ‘‘vaccine hesitancy,” defined as the proportion of parents who refuse some, many, or all vaccines or who adopt a delayed vaccination schedule, regardless of the availability of vaccination services. Generally, approaches to address vaccine hesitancy suggest either strong policies of mandatory immunization or more traditional approaches of education and information. Although mandatory immunization policies may increase uptake of vaccines, they do not address the root causes of…
Social Determinants | Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Culture/Society | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America