Resources Repository
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ReviewPublication 2014Markov Modeling & Discrete Event Simulation in Health Care: Systematic Comparison
This review assesses whether the use of Markov modeling (MM) or discrete event simulation (DES) …
This review assesses whether the use of Markov modeling (MM) or discrete event simulation (DES) for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) may alter healthcare resource allocation decisions. A systematic literature search and review of empirical and non-empirical studies comparing MM and DES techniques used in the CEA of healthcare technologies was conducted. The primary advantages described for DES over MM were the ability to model queuing for limited resources, capture individual patient histories, accommodate complexity and uncertainty,…
Microsimulation | State-Transition | Mathematical Models | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2011Simulation Models of Obesity: A Review of the Literature
Simulation models combine information from a variety of sources to provide a useful tool for …
Simulation models combine information from a variety of sources to provide a useful tool for examining how the effects of obesity unfold over time and impact population health. They can aid in the understanding of the complex interaction of the drivers of diet and activity and their relation to health outcomes. This paper provided an overview of different types of simulation models used to evaluate the potential impact of policies to address the obesity epidemic.…
Microsimulation | State-Transition | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Decision Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2006Ethical Issues in Resource Allocation, Research, and New Product Development
Ethical dilemmas arising in setting priorities among interventions and among individuals in need of care …
Ethical dilemmas arising in setting priorities among interventions and among individuals in need of care are most acute when needs are great and resources few. This chapter from the Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries 2nd edition addresses some of these concerns, identifying some of the principal ethical issues that arise in the development and allocation of effective interventions for developing countries and discussing some alternative resolutions. Resource allocation in health and elsewhere should satisfy two main…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Culture/Society | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ReviewPublication 2005Implications of Modern Decision Science for Military Decision-Support Systems
This review monograph was prepared in response to a request from the United States Air …
This review monograph was prepared in response to a request from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory for a study of modern decision science that would aid in its planning of research programs and, more specifically, developing methods and tools for decision support. The emphasis is on relatively high-level decisionmaking rather than, say, that of pilots or intelligence analysts in the midst of real-time operations. They focus largely on what the military refers to as…
Decision Psychology | Decision Theory | Decision Analysis | Military/Defense | North America -
ReviewPublication 1982Decision Analysis: An Overview
This article, written for the non-decision analyst, describes what decision analysis is, what it can …
This article, written for the non-decision analyst, describes what decision analysis is, what it can and cannot do, why one should care to do this, and how one does it. Keeney describes decision analysis as "a formalization of common sense for decision problems which are too complex for informal use of common sense." He provides a more technical definition also, describing decision analysis as "a philosophy, articulated by a set of logical axioms, and a methodology…
Preferences/Values | Decision Theory | Decision Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Energy/Engineering | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Military/Defense | Science/Technology -
ReportPublication 2021Valuing COVID-19 Mortality and Morbidity Risks
In this report, the researchers develop an approach for valuing COVID-19 mortality and morbidity risk …
In this report, the researchers develop an approach for valuing COVID-19 mortality and morbidity risk reductions that builds on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Guidelines for Regulatory Impact Analysis. They review the differences between COVID-19 mortality risks and the types of risks that are more commonly studied, and find that the impacts of these differences on the value of mortality risk reductions (the value per statistical life, VSL) are uncertain. They…
Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Government/Law | North America -
ReportPublication 2021What the American Public Thinks About Vaccines and How Framing Can Help
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, …
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, and childhood vaccination more specifically. The authors provide an overview of the existing literature on public thinking about vaccination and on effective communication strategies and interventions that have been either suggested or empirically tested. This description was extracted from the publication abstract.
Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ReviewPublication 2018Setting Health Sector Priorities: A Brief Overview of Ethiopia's Experience
Based on Ethiopia’s commitment to attain universal health coverage by 2035, the authors use the …
Based on Ethiopia’s commitment to attain universal health coverage by 2035, the authors use the current national strategies including the national essential health service package in Ethiopia as a springboard to explore the criteria and processes Ethiopia uses to set the existing national health sector priorities. Addition the authors highlight the critical need to strengthen country-led efforts and investments in human capital in developing country contexts.
Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ReviewPublication 2018Incorporating MCDA into HTA: A Focus on Lower Income Settings
The authors present key challenges, both methodological and practical against using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) …
The authors present key challenges, both methodological and practical against using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in health technology assessment (HTA) as well as solutions to these challenges. They showcase lessons learned from previous applications of MCDS to HTA, including design, criteria of models, approaches for estimating costs and challenges with various approaches. By showing efforts that have succeeded in overcoming these challenges in lower and middle income-countries, they show how MCDA has the potential to…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Global