Resources Repository
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Resource PackPublication, Teaching Resource 2020Resource Pack: Cost-Effectiveness of SSB Excise Taxes
The use of fiscal instruments, such as taxes or subsidies, to promote healthier dietary behavior …
The use of fiscal instruments, such as taxes or subsidies, to promote healthier dietary behavior has been of increasing interest in the last decade as the evidence-base builds for the health and economic consequences of obesity, overweight, and unhealthy eating. The motivation for using fiscal instruments in nutrition policy is to make the unhealthy option less affordable and less economically attractive by increasing the price via a tax, and therefore reduce the incentive to consume…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | North America | Oceania -
ArticlePublication 2016Mexico's SSB Tax Policy Impact on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Modeling Study
In 2014, Mexico instituted a nationwide tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in order to reduce …
In 2014, Mexico instituted a nationwide tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in order to reduce the high level of SSB consumption, a preventable cause of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this analyses, a computer simulation model of CVD was used to project potential long-range health and economic impacts of SSB taxation in Mexico. Two main scenarios were modeled: (1) a 10% reduction in SSB consumption (corresponding to the reduction observed after tax implementation) and…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law -
ArticlePublication 2018DALYS and QALYs – Does the Choice of Measure Matter?
This article discusses the measurement of health benefits as a key issue in health economic …
This article discusses the measurement of health benefits as a key issue in health economic evaluations. Authors adapted two previously published models, a Markov model for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination, and a pneumococcal vaccination deterministic model (PNEUMO) that reported outputs in QALYs to estimate DALYs in 3 settings, Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom. While the authors found that QALY gains were larger than DALYs avoided in all countries for HPV, differences using QALYs…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Infectious Diseases -
ReportPublication 2018Estimating the Distributional Impact of Increasing Taxes on Tobacco Products in Armenia
Smoking is considered the leading risk factor for mortality among the Armenian population. The authors …
Smoking is considered the leading risk factor for mortality among the Armenian population. The authors conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) on increases in the excise tax on cigarettes in Armenia. Based on the World Health Organization recommendations, they analyzed the impact of a 75% increase of excise tax on the retail price of cigarettes. The ECEA found large health and financial benefits to the excise tax. It averted about 88,000 premature deaths, US$63 million of OOP…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law -
ReviewPublication 2016Economic Dimensions of Noncommunicable Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean
This companion volume to Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3), explores the impact of noncommunicable diseases …
This companion volume to Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3), explores the impact of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) on development and economic growth in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This collection of manuscripts examines the complex interplay among NCDs, health expenditures and financial investments in health, poverty, and inequities, using up-to-date information and evidence from the LAC region. There is compelling proof that NCDs are a major and growing problem for low- and…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Technology Assessment | Child/Nutrition | Mental Health | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture -
ArticlePublication 2016Accounting for Technical, Ethical, and Political Factors in Priority Setting
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical …
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical considerations, ethical and political factors shape the allocation of health resources. First, they discuss how Thai authorities adjudicated a coverage decision for HLA-B*1502 screening, which meets the national cost-effectiveness threshold for only some of the conditions it can detect. Second, they consider England’s Cancer Drugs Fund to investigate the interplay of technical decision making and political reality. The findings suggest four concluding…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Government/Law | Science/Technology | Global -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Female HPV Vaccination in 179 Countries: A PRIME Modelling Study
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), …
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), used to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality. The PRIME models incidence according to proposed vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18, vaccine coverage, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and HPV type distribution. It assumes lifelong vaccine protection and no changes to other screening programs…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2008Mathematical Models of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean
This article reports on a model-based approach estimated averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, disability-adjusted …
This article reports on a model-based approach estimated averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/DALY averted) for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of young adolescent girls using population and epidemiologic data for 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The authors found that an absolute reduction in lifetime cancer risk varied between countries, depending on incidence, proportion attributable to HPV-16 and 18, and population age-structure; for…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2007Including Boys in an HPV Vaccination Program: A CEA in a Low-Resource Setting
This paper looks at the cost-effectiveness of including boys vs girls alone in a pre-adolescent vaccination …
This paper looks at the cost-effectiveness of including boys vs girls alone in a pre-adolescent vaccination program against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in Brazil. Using demographic, epidemiological, and cancer data from Brazil, the authors developed a dynamic transmission model of HPV infection between males and females. Model-projected reductions in HPV incidence under different vaccination scenarios were applied to a stochastic model of cervical carcinogenesis to project lifetime costs and benefits. They found that at 90%…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care