-
ArticlePublication 2017Prices, Sales, Consumer Spending, & Beverage Consumption after SSB Tax in Berkeley, CA
This study examined the association of the first penny per ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise …
This study examined the association of the first penny per ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise tax with beverage prices, sales, store revenue/consumer spending, and usual beverage intake in Berkeley, California. Main outcomes and measures included changes in inflation-adjusted prices, beverage sales, consumers’ spending measured as store revenue in two large chains, and usual beverage intake. One year following the implementation of the nation’s first large SSB tax, prices of SSBs increased in many, but not…
Evidence Synthesis | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2018Cost-Effectiveness of Financial Incentives and Disincentives for Improving Food Purchases and Health through SNAP
This analysis estimated the health impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of food incentives, disincentives, or restrictions …
This analysis estimated the health impact, costs, and cost-effectiveness of food incentives, disincentives, or restrictions in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). A microsimulation model (CVD-PREDICT) was used to compare three policy interventions: (1) a 30% incentive for fruits and vegetables (F&V), (2) a 30% F&V incentive with a restriction of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and (3) a broader incentive/disincentive program for multiple foods that also preserves choice (SNAP-plus). From a societal perspective, all three scenarios…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Impact of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in South Africa: An ECEA
In this paper, the authors conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of a newly imposed tax …
In this paper, the authors conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of a newly imposed tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in South Africa. They estimated the averted premature deaths related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), financial benefits to households, increased government tax revenues, and healthcare savings for the government, across various income quintiles. The authors found that a 10% SSB tax increase would avert an estimated 8,000 T2DM-related premature deaths over 20 years, with most…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ReviewPublication 2017Policy Lessons from Health Taxes: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
This is a systematic review of the research on health taxes intended to generate insights …
This is a systematic review of the research on health taxes intended to generate insights into how such taxes can: (1) reduce consumption of targeted products and related harms, (2) generate revenues for health objectives and distribute the tax burden across income groups in an efficient and equitable manner, and (3) be made politically sustainable. Six scientific and four grey-literature databases were searched for empirical studies of “health taxes” - defined as those intended to…
Evidence Synthesis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America | Latin America & Caribbean | Europe | Oceania -
ArticlePublication 2019Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of SSB Taxes for Reducing Cancer Burden in the U.S.
This analysis evaluated the health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of a national sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) …
This analysis evaluated the health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of a national sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax policy for reducing obesity-related cancer in the U.S. A probabilistic cohort state-transition model, the Diet Cancer Outcome Model (DiCOM), was used to project the effect of a national $0.01 per ounce SSB excise tax on 13 obesity-associated cancers among U.S. adults age 20 and older over their lifetime. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using both government affordability and societal perspectives. Results showed…
Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Impact of a Tax on SSB According to Socio-Economic Position: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
This study conducted a literature review to evaluate the differential impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) …
This study conducted a literature review to evaluate the differential impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes on beverage purchases and consumption, weight outcomes and the amount paid in SSB taxes according to socio-economic position (SEP) in high-income countries. Of the eleven articles identified, three examined the association between variation in SSB taxes and SSB consumption and/or body weight; one evaluated price elasticity estimation of SSB demand, and seven were model-based analyses simulating the effects of…
Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2017In Mexico, Evidence of Sustained Consumer Response 2 Years after SSB Tax
This analysis assessed the changes in beverage purchases two years after the implementation of an …
This analysis assessed the changes in beverage purchases two years after the implementation of an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico. Household store purchase data from 6,645 households were analyzed to assess changes in purchases of taxed and untaxed beverages using two separate models that compared 2014 and 2015 (separately) with pre-tax (2012-2013) trends. Results showed that purchases of taxed beverages decreased by 8.2% over the two years on average. The lowest socioeconomic group…
Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2017Modeled Health Benefits of a SSB Tax across Different Socioeconomic Groups in Australia
This analysis assessed the potential cost-effectiveness, health gains, and financial impacts of a 20% sugar-sweetened …
This analysis assessed the potential cost-effectiveness, health gains, and financial impacts of a 20% sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax for Australia. Australia-specific price elasticities were used to predict decreases in SSB consumption for each socio-economic quintile. Changes in body mass index (BMI) were based on SSB consumption, BMI from the Australian Health Survey, and energy balance equations. Markov cohort models were used to estimate the health-adjusted life years (HALYs) gained, healthcare costs saved, and out-of-pocket costs…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Oceania -
ReportPublication 2016Weighing Down America: The Health and Economic Impact of Obesity
Obesity causes a wide range of chronic diseases, leading to extensive direct health-care costs as …
Obesity causes a wide range of chronic diseases, leading to extensive direct health-care costs as well as indirect costs in terms of lost work time, lower productivity, and premature death. The chronic diseases caused by obesity impose considerable intergenerational costs, including reduced educational attainment and poorer health for those afflicted and their children, potentially creating a downward economic spiral. This report documents the current and projected impact of obesity in the U.S. In 2014, 98.7…
Health Outcomes | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2013Overall and Income Specific Effect of Overweight and Obesity of Sugar Sweetened Drink Tax in UK
This econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study evaluated the overall and income specific effect of …
This econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study evaluated the overall and income specific effect of a 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the UK. Results showed that a 20% tax on sugar sweetened drinks was estimated to reduce the number of obese adults in the UK by 1.3% or 180,000 people and the number who are overweight by 0.9% or 285,000 people. The predicted reductions in prevalence…
Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2012Penny-Per-Ounce Tax on SSBs Would Cut Health and Cost Burdens of Diabetes
Sugar-sweetened beverages are a major contributor to the U.S. obesity and diabetes epidemics. This analyses …
Sugar-sweetened beverages are a major contributor to the U.S. obesity and diabetes epidemics. This analyses leveraged a published simulation model to examine the potential impact on health and health spending of a nationwide penny-per-ounce excise tax on these beverages. The analysis found that the tax would reduce consumption of these beverages by 15 percent among adults ages 25-64. Over the period 2010-20, the tax was estimated to prevent 2.4 million diabetes person-years, 95,000 coronary heart…
Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Mexico's SSB Tax Policy Impact on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Modeling Study
In 2014, Mexico instituted a nationwide tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in order to reduce …
In 2014, Mexico instituted a nationwide tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in order to reduce the high level of SSB consumption, a preventable cause of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this analyses, a computer simulation model of CVD was used to project potential long-range health and economic impacts of SSB taxation in Mexico. Two main scenarios were modeled: (1) a 10% reduction in SSB consumption (corresponding to the reduction observed after tax implementation) and…
Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2017Impact of Food Pricing on Improving Dietary Consumption
While food pricing is a promising strategy to improve diet, the prospective impact of food …
While food pricing is a promising strategy to improve diet, the prospective impact of food pricing on diet has not been systematically quantified. This analysis quantified the prospective effect of changes in food prices on dietary consumption through a systematic review of interventional or prospective observational studies of price change and diet. In general, results supported the efficacy of subsidies to increase consumption of healthful foods, and taxation to reduce intake of unhealthful beverages and…
Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2019Impact of a Tax on Sweetened Beverages in the Philippines: an ECEA
This study used extended cost-effectiveness analyses to estimate the effect of the sweetened beverages tax …
This study used extended cost-effectiveness analyses to estimate the effect of the sweetened beverages tax in the Philippines on the numbers of premature deaths averted attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease and stroke, across income quintiles over the period 2018-2037. The study also estimated the financial benefits of the tax from reductions in out-of-pocket payments, direct medical costs averted, and government health-care cost savings. The analysis showed that the tax could avert…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2018State-of-the-Art for Food Taxes to Promote Public Health
This paper reviewed existing applications of fiscal instruments in nutrition policy and derives some perspectives …
This paper reviewed existing applications of fiscal instruments in nutrition policy and derives some perspectives and recommendations from the experiences gained with these instruments. Many countries in different parts of the world have experiences with the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages, in some cases in combination with taxes on unhealthy food commodities such as confectionery or high-fat foods. These tax schemes have many similarities, but also differ in their definitions of tax objects and in the…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2018SSB Taxation and Unhealthy Foods: A Qualitative Study of Key Opinion Leaders' Views
While many model-based analyses of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) purchasing and their potential effects …
While many model-based analyses of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) purchasing and their potential effects on various health outcomes have been conducted, legislation and implementation of such taxes have encountered obstacles. This qualitative study evaluated the perceptions and views of key opinion leaders, policy makers, and stakeholders on taxation of SSBs and unhealthy snacks in Israel. While all stakeholders viewed obesity as a combined societal and personal issue that should be under government responsibility, only those from economic…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Middle East & North Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015Three Interventions That Reduce Childhood Obesity
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. …
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. The authors estimated the cost-effectiveness of seven interventions high on the obesity policy agenda: (1) a sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax, (2) elimination of the tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy food to children, (3) restaurant menu calorie labeling, (4) nutrition standards for school meals, (5) nutrition standards for all other food and beverages sold in schools, (6) improved early care and…
Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost Effectiveness of a SSB Excise Tax in the U.S.
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been closely linked with excess weight gain, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, …
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been closely linked with excess weight gain, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which has led to public health recommendations for higher taxes on unhealthy drinks like soda and sports drinks. This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of implementing a 1-cent per ounce SSB excise tax in the U.S. The authors developed a simulation model and found that implementing the tax nationally would cost $51 million in the first year and would reduce SSB…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Cost-Effectiveness of U.S. National SSB Tax with a Multistakeholder Approach: Who Pays and Who Benefits
This analysis estimated the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) …
This analysis estimated the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for nine distinct stakeholder groups. A microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) was used to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for U.S. adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through. Results showed that from both a health care and societal perspective, the SSB tax was…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2013Nutritional Policy Changes in SNAP: A Microsimulation and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This analysis estimated the health effects and cost-effectiveness of banning or taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) …
This analysis estimated the health effects and cost-effectiveness of banning or taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or subsidizing fruits and vegetables purchased with SNAP. The target population was adults in the U.S. and the time horizon was 10 years. Results showed that banning SSB purchases using SNAP benefits would be expected to avert 510,000 diabetes person-years and 52,000 deaths from MIs and strokes over the next decade, with a savings of $2900 per QALY saved. A…
Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Cost Effectiveness of the SSB Excise Tax in Mexico
An excise tax of 1 peso per liter on sugar-sweetened beverages was implemented in Mexico …
An excise tax of 1 peso per liter on sugar-sweetened beverages was implemented in Mexico in 2014. This analysis estimates the cost-effectiveness of this tax as well as an alternative tax scenario of 2 pesos per liter. A cohort simulation model calibrated for Mexico was used to project the impact of the tax over ten years. Results showed that the current tax is projected to prevent 239,900 cases of obesity, 39 percent of which would…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean
21 Shown
General Resources
Teaching Resources
Collections
Format
Learner Level
Teaching Topic