Resources Repository
-
GuidelinesPublication 2016Methods for Health Economic Evaluation of Vaccines
This article describes the development of a consensus for health economic evaluations of vaccines to …
This article describes the development of a consensus for health economic evaluations of vaccines to support the development of national guidelines in Europe. While guidelines advocating more standardization of health economic evaluations exist, this article aims to address several immunization-specific aspects (e.g. indirect effects or discounting approach) which are still a subject of debate. The systematic literature review search was informed by expert opinion. 2,838 articles were returned from the search and 26 were finally…
Europe | Infectious Diseases | Costing Methods | Dynamic Transmission | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2016Extended CEA: Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Ethiopia
This chapter examines universal public finance of the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and diarrhea …
This chapter examines universal public finance of the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and diarrhea in Ethiopia, with a focus on children under age five years. This extended cost-effectiveness analysis examines benefits by income quintile so that policy makers can better understand how each package affects different segments of the population and permits the incorporation of financial risk protection in the economic evaluation of health policies - both critical elements of universal health coverage.
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected African Children Less Than 3 Years of Age
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine …
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine with second-line lopinavir/ritonavir, and first-line lopinavir/ritonavir with second-line nevirapine) for HIV-infected children less than 3 years of age in Africa, using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications- Pediatric model and data obtained from the International Maternal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Clinical Trial P1060 trial. Results demonstrated that both ART regimens were very cost-effective compared to no ART. First-line lopinavir/ritonavir led to longer…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Health Gains & Financial Risk Protection by Public Financing in Ethiopia: An ECEA
This article, published in the Lancet Global Health, aims to evaluate the health and financial …
This article, published in the Lancet Global Health, aims to evaluate the health and financial risk protection benefits of selected interventions that could be publicly financed by the government of Ethiopia. The authors used an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to assess the health gains (deaths averted) and financial risk protection afforded (cases of poverty averted) by a bundle of nine interventions that the Government of Ethiopia aims to make universally available. This approach incorporates financial…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Health and Social Protection Effects of Measles Vaccination in Ethiopia: Extended CEA
Using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA), this paper evaluates the health and economic implications of different …
Using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA), this paper evaluates the health and economic implications of different vaccine delivery strategies in Ethiopia: (1) routine immunization, (2) routine immunization with financial incentives, and (3) mass campaigns, known as supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), for measles vaccination. At higher costs, SIAs reached higher levels of vaccine coverage. Routine immunization paired with financial incentives was found to increase the demand among poorer households.
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhoea in Ethiopia
This article, published in BMJ Open, aims to illustrate the size and distribution of benefits …
This article, published in BMJ Open, aims to illustrate the size and distribution of benefits due to the treatment and prevention of diarrhoea (i.e., rotavirus vaccination) in Ethiopia. The authors use an economic model to examine the impacts of universal public finance (UPF) of diarrhoeal treatment alone, as opposed to diarrhoeal treatment along with rotavirus vaccination using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). The study finds that diarrhoeal treatment paired with rotavirus vaccination is more cost effective…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Pneumococcal Vaccination and Pneumonia Treatment in Ethiopia: Results from Extended CEA
This article, published in PLOS ONE, conducts an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) of two fully …
This article, published in PLOS ONE, conducts an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) of two fully publicly financed interventions in Ethiopia: pneumococcal vaccination for newborns and pneumonia treatment for under-five children. The authors apply ECEA methods and estimate the program impact on: (1) government program costs; (2) pneumonia and pneumococcal deaths averted; (3) household expenses related to pneumonia/pneumococcal disease treatment averted; (4) prevention of household medical impoverishment; and (5) distributional consequences across the wealth strata of…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2014Rise and Fall of HIV in High-Prevalence Countries: A Challenge for Mathematical Modeling
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines …
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines in transmission. These HIV epidemics, often with rapid onsets, have generally been attributed to a combination of factors related to high-risk sexual behavior. The subsequent declines in these countries began prior to widespread therapy or implementation of any other major biomedical prevention. This change has been construed as evidence of behavior change, often on the basis of mathematical models, but…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2013Validation and Calibration of a Simulation Model of Pediatric HIV Infection
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of …
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC) model framework. This CEPAC-Pediatric model was then validated by varying CD4 data and comparing the corresponding model-generated survival curves to empirical survival curves obtained from the International Epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). The model was calibrated to other African countries by systematically varying immunologic and HIV mortality-related input parameters. In the calibration analyses, the model-generated…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine