Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2016Country-Level Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income …
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income countries (LMICs), based on opportunity costs. When there are constraints on a health care system’s budget or ability to increase expenditures, additional costs imposed by interventions have an “opportunity cost” in terms of the health foregone because other interventions cannot be provided. The authors argue that cost-effectiveness thresholds should reflect health opportunity cost and aim to calculate these in four…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Europe | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2010Model Uncertainty in Economic Evaluation of Health Interventions: Rotavirus Vaccination in Vietnam
Motivated by observed discrepancies between 2 published studies on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in …
Motivated by observed discrepancies between 2 published studies on the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Vietnam, the authors' objectives were to illustrate a specific, systematic approach to assessing model (structure and process) uncertainty and to quantify explicitly the contributions of different sources of variation in the outputs of different studies that share the same research question. On the basis of a series of working definitions of key model elements, the authors developed 5 alternative computer…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Infectious Diseases -
ArticlePublication 2008Mathematical Models of Cervical Cancer Prevention in the Asia Pacific Region
This article reports on a model-based approach to estimate averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, …
This article reports on a model-based approach to estimate averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/DALY averted) for vaccination of young adolescent girls against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18. The authors used population-based and epidemiologic data for 25 countries in Asia (22 GAVI-Alliance eligible countries, Thailand, China and Japan). They found that an absolute reduction in lifetime cancer risk varied across countries, depending on incidence,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2008Health and Economic Impact of HPV 16 and 18 Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in India
As cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in low-income countries, …
As cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in low-income countries, with approximately 25% of cases worldwide occurring in India, these authors estimated the potential health and economic impact of different cervical cancer prevention strategies in India. After empirically calibrating a cervical cancer model to country-specific epidemiologic data, they projected cancer incidence, life expectancy, and lifetime costs (I$2005), and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/YLS) for the following strategies: pre-adolescent vaccination of…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology -
Resource PackWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2023Resource Pack: Cost-Effectiveness of Screening and Treatment for Hypertension
Hypertension is a relevant example for teaching clinical decision making, diagnostic test performance, positivity criterion, …
Hypertension is a relevant example for teaching clinical decision making, diagnostic test performance, positivity criterion, and cost-effectiveness analysis. This resource pack provides examples of decision analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses for the management and treatment of hypertension, with a predominant focus on the U.S. Analyses are included that predate the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Practice Guidelines, along with more recent examples that followed release of the guidelines. Resources are also included that…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Europe | Preferences/Values | Test Performance | Decision Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Policy Translation | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2010Alternative Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in India: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This article, published in PLoS Medicine, conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve pregnancy …
This article, published in PLoS Medicine, conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve pregnancy and childbirth safety in India. Country- and region-specific data were synthesized using a computer-based model that simulates the natural history of pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications in individual women, and considers delivery location, attendant, and facility level. Model validation compared projected maternal indicators with empiric data. Strategies consisted of improving coverage of effective interventions that could be provided individually or packaged…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Global -
Resource PackWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2023Resource Pack: Maternal Health Models and CEA
This resource pack, curated by the Center for Health Decision Science, provides selected examples of …
This resource pack, curated by the Center for Health Decision Science, provides selected examples of modeling approaches used to conduct analyses relevant to maternal and reproductive health. Some papers focus on a particular problem (e.g., screening for prenatal syphilis, comparison of alternative strategies for safe abortion), while others explore strategies for reducing morbidity and mortality from the entire spectrum of pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. Several of the examples model the primary drivers of maternal mortality (e.g.,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
Resource PackPublication, Teaching Resource 2020Resource Pack: Cost-Effectiveness of SSB Excise Taxes
The use of fiscal instruments, such as taxes or subsidies, to promote healthier dietary behavior …
The use of fiscal instruments, such as taxes or subsidies, to promote healthier dietary behavior has been of increasing interest in the last decade as the evidence-base builds for the health and economic consequences of obesity, overweight, and unhealthy eating. The motivation for using fiscal instruments in nutrition policy is to make the unhealthy option less affordable and less economically attractive by increasing the price via a tax, and therefore reduce the incentive to consume…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Europe | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | North America | Latin America & Caribbean | Oceania -
ArticlePublication 2016Health and Economic Benefits of Public Financing of Epilepsy Treatment in India
This study uses extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate the impact of three scenarios of …
This study uses extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate the impact of three scenarios of publicly financed national epilepsy programs in India that provide (1) first line antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs), (2) first- and second-line AEDs, and (3) first- and second-line AEDs and surgery. Outcome measures include disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and cost per DALY averted. Economic benefit measures estimated include out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure averted and money-metric value of insurance. All three scenarios represent a…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific | Priority Setting/Ethics | Microsimulation | Chronic Disease/Risk