Resources Repository
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Resource PackPublication, Teaching Resource 2024Resource Pack: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Health policies are intended to increase the uptake of effective and efficient interventions and result …
Health policies are intended to increase the uptake of effective and efficient interventions and result in health gains (e.g., premature mortality and morbidity averted). Health policies can also provide non-health benefits in addition to the sole well-being of populations and beyond the health sector. For instance, social and health insurance programs can prevent illness-related impoverishment and provide financial risk protection. Health policies can also improve the distribution of health in the population and promote health…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Decision Making/Leadership | Quantitative Literacy -
Working PaperPublication 2024Economic Evaluation Primer
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence …
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence needed to support sound policy decisions. In low- and middle-income countries, where resources are especially scarce and needs are very great, such decisions are exceptionally difficult. In these settings, economic evaluation can be particularly useful in determining how to best improve health and welfare. Typically, cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used to prioritize interventions within the health care sector. This approach…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Policy/Regulation -
DataPublication 2023Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2020
This report presents global, regional, and country-level estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 …
This report presents global, regional, and country-level estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 and 2020 produced by the United Nations Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG).* The estimates are intended to inform progress in maternal mortality to support national efforts to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1, to reduce maternal mortality to less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. The report is accompanied by a set of country…
Global | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Novel TB Vaccines: A Modeling Study
A modeling study assessed future costs, cost-savings, and cost-effectiveness of introducing novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines …
A modeling study assessed future costs, cost-savings, and cost-effectiveness of introducing novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for a range of product characteristics and delivery strategies, compared to a ‘no-new-vaccine’ counterfactual. Vaccine scenarios considered two vaccine product profiles (one targeted at infants, one at adolescents/adults), both assumed to prevent progression to active TB. Vaccine introduction was estimated to require substantial near-term resources, offset by future cost-savings from averted TB burden.…
Global | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2022Health and Financial Risk Protection Outcomes in Economic Evaluations
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to evaluate health interventions in terms of level and distribution …
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to evaluate health interventions in terms of level and distribution of health gains and financial risk protection. This information is typically presented in a joint display format. This article develops and applies an algebraic money-metric formulation that incorporates all disaggregated outcomes and finds that ranking of health interventions is sensitive to the decision maker’s aversion to inequality across income groups and that financial risk protection gains are most important to…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2022Conceptualizing Monetary Benchmarks for Health Investments toward Poverty Reduction
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article …
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article aims to conceptualize monetary benchmarks for health sector investments oriented towards poverty alleviation in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Priority setting in low- and lower-middle-income countries could be informed by health-sector PRBs (poverty reduction benchmarks), in addition to burden of disease and cost-effectiveness considerations. The computed PRBs, expressed in dollars per poverty case averted, can possibly be viewed in a manner…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global | Evidence Synthesis | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2021Toward Universal Health Coverage Post-COVID-19
During the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, advancement toward universal health coverage will become more difficult …
During the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, advancement toward universal health coverage will become more difficult for many countries, demonstrating that locally led priority setting is urgently needed to provide health services with appropriate financial protection to all. Resources are limited and no national constituency can provide an unlimited number of services to their whole population in a sustainable manner, so rationing and setting priorities for the selection of interventions to be included in a defined…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global | Policy/Regulation -
ArticlePublication 2022Out-of-Pocket Spending and Catastrophic Health Expenditures
Universal health coverage aims to provide access to health services for all without financial hardship. …
Universal health coverage aims to provide access to health services for all without financial hardship. Moving toward universal coverage while ensuring financial risk protection from out-of-pocket health expenditures is a critical objective of the Sustainable Development Goal for Health. In tracking country progress toward universal health coverage, analysts and policymakers usually report on two summary indicators of lack of financial risk protection: the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures and the prevalence of impoverishing health expenditures.…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global -
ArticlePublication 2021Economic Value of Changing Mortality Risk
This article develops a framework for quantifying monetary values associated with changes in disease-specific mortality …
This article develops a framework for quantifying monetary values associated with changes in disease-specific mortality risk in low- and middle- income countries to help quantify trade-offs involved in investing in mortality reduction due to one disease versus another. For non-communicable diseases, the absolute monetary value associated with changing mortality risk was highest for cardiovascular diseases in older age groups. Changing the mortality rate from the base-case to the high-performance trajectory was associated with high monetary…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Global