Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2016Estimating the Cost-Effectiveness of Implementation: Is Sufficient Evidence Available?
Timely implementation of recommended interventions can provide health benefits to patients and cost savings to …
Timely implementation of recommended interventions can provide health benefits to patients and cost savings to the health service provider. Effective approaches to increase the implementation of guidance are needed. Since investment in activities that improve implementation competes for funding against other health generating interventions, it should be assessed in term of its costs and benefits. In 2010, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence released a clinical guideline recommending natriuretic peptide (NP) testing in…
Operations Research | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Health Outcomes | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2016Departures from Cost-Effectiveness Recommendations: Health System Constraints
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality …
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality decision makers may be faced with numerous other constraints. The objective of this article is to develop a typology of constraints that may act as barriers to implementation of cost-effectiveness recommendations. Six categories of constraints are considered: the design of the health system; costs of implementing change; system interactions between interventions; uncertainty in estimates of costs and benefits; weak governance;…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Education/Labor | Government/Law | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2016Accounting for Technical, Ethical, and Political Factors in Priority Setting
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical …
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical considerations, ethical and political factors shape the allocation of health resources. First, they discuss how Thai authorities adjudicated a coverage decision for HLA-B*1502 screening, which meets the national cost-effectiveness threshold for only some of the conditions it can detect. Second, they consider England’s Cancer Drugs Fund to investigate the interplay of technical decision making and political reality. The findings suggest four concluding…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Climate/Environment | Government/Law | Science/Technology | Global -
ReviewPublication 2015Economic Evaluation of Diet and Physical Activity to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review
Studies indicate that combined diet and physical activity promotion programs can prevent type 2 diabetes …
Studies indicate that combined diet and physical activity promotion programs can prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk. This paper systematically evaluates the evidence on cost, cost-effectiveness, and cost–benefit estimates of diet and physical activity promotion programs. English-language studies from high-income countries that provided data on cost, cost-effectiveness, or cost–benefit ratios of diet and physical activity promotion programs with at least 2 sessions over at least 3 months delivered to persons at increased risk…
Evidence Synthesis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Food/Agriculture | North America | Asia & Pacific -
BookPublication 2013Making Hard Decisions with Decision Tools, 3rd Edition
Making Hard Decisions with Decision Tools® is a new edition and teaches the fundamental ideas …
Making Hard Decisions with Decision Tools® is a new edition and teaches the fundamental ideas of decision analysis, without an overly technical explanation of the mathematics used in decision analysis. This new version has been purposefully written to be more relevant to students in business and engineering compared to previous versions. This new version also incorporates and implements the powerful DecisionTools® software by Palisade Corporation. At the end of each chapter, topics are illustrated with step-by-step instructions…
Probability/Bayes | Decision Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Preferences/Values | Test Performance | Value of Information | Microsimulation | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Energy/Engineering | Military/Defense | Science/Technology | Global | North America -
ReviewPublication 2013Public Health Economics: Review of Guidance for Economic Evaluation
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health …
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health interventions. Public Health Economics is the science and art of supporting decision making as to how society can use its available resources to advance health, and minimize opportunity cost. In this review, the authors identified 5 international guidance documents, 7 UK guidance documents and 4 documents by individual commentators. The papers reviewed identify the main methodological challenges that face analysts…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Costing Methods | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology -
BriefPublication 2023Dynamic Mortality Modeling: Incorporating Predictions of Future General Population Mortality into CEA
This study addresses the limitations of conventional static approaches in health economic modeling by proposing …
This study addresses the limitations of conventional static approaches in health economic modeling by proposing a dynamic general population mortality modeling method. Using a replication of the axicabtagene ciloleucel model from NICE appraisal TA559, the authors demonstrate the potential impact of this approach on estimating life-years and cost-effectiveness. The model utilizes national mortality projections and updates mortality rates annually, considering different assumptions around age distribution. Results show that incorporating dynamic calculations increases undiscounted life-years attributed…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Mathematical Models -
ArticlePublication 2023Evolving Nature of Health Technology Assessment: A Critical Appraisal of NICE's New Methods Manual
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its Health Technology Evaluation manual …
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its Health Technology Evaluation manual in 2022, merging processes from all 4 Health Technology Evaluation programs into a single document. Key changes include introducing a new disease severity modifier while maintaining existing methods on health inequality, discounting, unrelated healthcare costs, and value of information. Changes were categorized by importance, with most being modest updates or clarifications aligning with existing principles. The methods involved a 2-stage…
Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine | Europe -
Tutorial/PrimerPublication, Teaching Resource 2023Survival Extrapolation Incorporating General Population Mortality Using Excess Hazard and Cure Models: Tutorial
The study examines the utility of excess hazard (EH) methods in reducing model uncertainty when …
The study examines the utility of excess hazard (EH) methods in reducing model uncertainty when estimating long-term survival in cost-effectiveness analyses. Using a case study of breast cancer patients, standard parametric survival models were compared with EH methods incorporating general population mortality rates, with and without a cure parameter. Results showed substantial variability in survival extrapolations across standard models, while EH methods, particularly EH cure models, significantly reduced uncertainty. Long-term treatment effects approached null for…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk