Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Female HPV Vaccination in 179 Countries: A PRIME Modelling Study
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), …
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), used to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality. The PRIME models incidence according to proposed vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18, vaccine coverage, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and HPV type distribution. It assumes lifelong vaccine protection and no changes to other screening programs…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2014Effect of Health-Facility Admission and Skilled Birth Attendant Coverage on Maternal Survival in India
Research in areas of low skilled attendant coverage found that maternal mortality is paradoxically higher …
Research in areas of low skilled attendant coverage found that maternal mortality is paradoxically higher in women who seek obstetric care. Using unmatched population-based case-control analysis of national datasets, the authors compared the effect of health-facility admission at any time (antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum) on maternal deaths (cases) to women reporting pregnancies (controls). Probability of maternal death decreased with increasing skilled attendant coverage, among both women who were and were not admitted to a health-facility; however,…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2014'Big Push' To Reduce Maternal Mortality in Uganda and Zambia
In the past decade, “big push” global health initiatives financed by international donors have aimed …
In the past decade, “big push” global health initiatives financed by international donors have aimed to rapidly reach ambitious health targets in low-income countries. The health system impacts of these efforts are infrequently assessed. Saving Mothers, Giving Life is a global public-private partnership that aims to reduce maternal mortality dramatically in one year in eight districts from Uganda and Zambia. The authors evaluate the first six to twelve months of the program’s implementation, its ownership…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ReportPublication 2014Redirecting Innovation in U.S. Health Care
This report from RAND Health explores methods of reducing health care spending and developing medical …
This report from RAND Health explores methods of reducing health care spending and developing medical products that provide cost value with health benefits. It summarizes literature and explores case studies to provide policy recommendations to meet these goals. It identifies a wide range of factors that affect the costs, risks, and rewards of medical product invention. Some of these features include treatment creep, the medical arms race, costs and risks of FDA approval, limited reward…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2013Health Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Afghanistan
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, disaggregates data on pregnancies in Afghanistan to …
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, disaggregates data on pregnancies in Afghanistan to evaluate health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of interventions related to childbirth. These interventions include antenatal care, family planning, skilled birth attendance, access to transport, referral facilities, and quality of overall care. Outcomes include pregnancy-related complications, maternal deaths, maternal mortality ratios, costs and cost-effectiveness ratios. The authors report that increasing family planning would be the most effective individual intervention. The model suggests…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
GuidelinesPublication 2013Economic Analyses to Support Decisions about HPV Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Consensus Report and Guide
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability …
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, many such countries lack the technical capacity and data to conduct their own analyses. This report describes the consensus of an expert group convened by the World Health Organization, prioritizing key issues to be addressed when considering economic analyses to support HPV vaccine introduction in these countries. The expert group…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2012Health and Economic Outcomes of Interventions to Reduce Pregnancy-Related Mortality in Nigeria
This paper examines the cost-effectiveness and impact of individual and integrated packages of interventions aimed …
This paper examines the cost-effectiveness and impact of individual and integrated packages of interventions aimed to reduce maternal mortality in Nigeria, a country with extremely high maternal mortality rates. Using a previously validated model adapted to the Nigerian context, the study finds that an increase of access to family planning is the most effective individual strategy, which not only reduces pregnancy-related mortality but also proves to be economically efficient. However, relying solely on family planning…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
BookPublication 2012Elgar Companion to Health Economics, 2nd Edition
This collection brings together more than 50 contributions from some of the most influential researchers in …
This collection brings together more than 50 contributions from some of the most influential researchers in health economics. It covers theoretical and empirical issues in health economics, with a range of material on equity and efficiency in health care systems, health technology assessment and issues of concern for developing countries. This revised second edition is expanded to include four new chapters, while all existing chapters have been extensively updated. The Elgar Companion to Health Economics, Second Edition…
Value of Information | Health Systems | Decision Theory | Probability/Bayes | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
BookPublication 2003WHO Guide to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This 2003 guide provides a method of assessing the cost-effectiveness of health interventions for an …
This 2003 guide provides a method of assessing the cost-effectiveness of health interventions for an international audience. The authors aim to inform the policy maker and to maximize the generalizability of results across settings. Part I begins with a description of cost-effectiveness analysis. It then considers issues relating to study design, estimating costs, assessing health effects, discounting, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, and reporting results. Part II provides examples to illustrate the principles in Part I. Detailed discussions…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Global