Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2008Health and Economic Impact of HPV 16 and 18 Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in India
As cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in low-income countries, …
As cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in low-income countries, with approximately 25% of cases worldwide occurring in India, these authors estimated the potential health and economic impact of different cervical cancer prevention strategies in India. After empirically calibrating a cervical cancer model to country-specific epidemiologic data, they projected cancer incidence, life expectancy, and lifetime costs (I$2005), and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/YLS) for the following strategies: pre-adolescent vaccination of…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2007Including Boys in an HPV Vaccination Program: A CEA in a Low-Resource Setting
This paper looks at the cost-effectiveness of including boys vs girls alone in a pre-adolescent vaccination …
This paper looks at the cost-effectiveness of including boys vs girls alone in a pre-adolescent vaccination program against human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 in Brazil. Using demographic, epidemiological, and cancer data from Brazil, the authors developed a dynamic transmission model of HPV infection between males and females. Model-projected reductions in HPV incidence under different vaccination scenarios were applied to a stochastic model of cervical carcinogenesis to project lifetime costs and benefits. They found that at 90%…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2007Decision Analysis: A Personal Account of How It Got Started and Evolved
In this chapter, Howard Raiffa discusses the evolution of decision analysis and his personal involvement …
In this chapter, Howard Raiffa discusses the evolution of decision analysis and his personal involvement in its development. He describes the early days of Operations Research (OR) in the late 1940s with its approach to complex, strategic decision making. After reading John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern’s Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1947) and Abraham Wald’s two books (1947, 1950), he became involved in statistical decision theory. A few years later, after reading Leonard…
Operations Research | Decision Analysis | Decision Theory | Probability/Bayes | Preferences/Values | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Energy/Engineering | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2006Public Health Policy for Cervical Cancer Prevention: Decision Science, Economic Evaluation, & Mathematical Modeling
Several factors are changing the landscape of cervical cancer control, including a better understanding of …
Several factors are changing the landscape of cervical cancer control, including a better understanding of the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV), reliable assays for detecting high-risk HPV infections, and a soon to be available HPV-16/18 vaccine. There are important differences in the relevant policy questions for different settings. By synthesizing and integrating the best available data, the use of modeling in a decision analytic framework can identify those factors most likely to influence outcomes,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Decision Analysis | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Global -
ReviewPublication 2005Implications of Modern Decision Science for Military Decision-Support Systems
This review monograph was prepared in response to a request from the United States Air …
This review monograph was prepared in response to a request from the United States Air Force Research Laboratory for a study of modern decision science that would aid in its planning of research programs and, more specifically, developing methods and tools for decision support. The emphasis is on relatively high-level decisionmaking rather than, say, that of pilots or intelligence analysts in the midst of real-time operations. They focus largely on what the military refers to as…
Decision Psychology | Decision Analysis | Decision Theory | Military/Defense | North America -
ReviewPublication 2004Decision Analysis Applications in Operations Research
This article reviews trends and developments in decision analysis applications, based primarily on a survey of …
This article reviews trends and developments in decision analysis applications, based primarily on a survey of decision analysis applications published in the period 1990–2001 in major English-language operations research and closely related journals. It serves as a guide to those interested in recent applications in specific areas or in applications that illustrate the use of particular methods. The authors identify and discuss noteworthy trends in, and developments affecting, published applications, including those in computer software and…
Operations Research | Decision Analysis | Business/Industry | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2024Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies for the American College of Physicians
This systematic review examines the cost-effectiveness of newer antidiabetes medications for type 2 diabetes in …
This systematic review examines the cost-effectiveness of newer antidiabetes medications for type 2 diabetes in the United States. The study screened nonindustry-funded cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) conducted from 2010 to 2023, focusing on estimating cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Nine CEAs met the criteria, evaluating medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP1a), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), among others. Comparisons were made against metformin, sulfonylureas, neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, and…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2024Hypertension Care Cascades and Reducing Inequities in Cardiovascular Disease in LMIC
This study investigates the distributional implications of enhancing hypertension control in low- and middle-income countries …
This study investigates the distributional implications of enhancing hypertension control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across wealth quintiles. Using individual-level data from nationally representative surveys in 44 LMICs, the researchers simulated improvements in the hypertension care cascade and assessed the distributional benefits. They raised diagnosis and treatment levels for all wealth quintiles to match the best-performing country quintile and estimated the resulting change in 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Results indicate greater health benefits…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2024Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions to Improve Uptake of Diabetes Services in South Africa
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes …
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes diagnosis and treatment service utilization in South Africa (SA) using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). Applying a Markov model over a 45-year period, the analysis compares costs, health benefits, and financial risk protection (FRP) attributes of different CCT strategies, drawing from SA-specific data. Three scenarios were simulated: covering diagnosis services only, treatment services only, and both diagnosis and treatment services. Cost-effectiveness,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa