Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2023Simulation-Based Estimates and Projections of Global, Regional and Country-Level Maternal Mortality by Cause, 1990-2050
While progress has been made globally to reduce maternal deaths, measurement remains a challenge given …
While progress has been made globally to reduce maternal deaths, measurement remains a challenge given the many causes and frequent underreporting of maternal deaths. The authors developed a structural microsimulation model of Global Maternal Health (GMatH) for 200 countries and territories using demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and health system data synthesized from the medical literature, Civil Registration Vital Statistics systems and Demographic and Health Survey data. The model was calibrated to empirical data from 1990 to…
Health/Medicine | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Global -
DataPublication 2023Trends in Maternal Mortality 2000 to 2020
This report presents global, regional, and country-level estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 …
This report presents global, regional, and country-level estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 and 2020 produced by the United Nations Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group (MMEIG).* The estimates are intended to inform progress in maternal mortality to support national efforts to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.1, to reduce maternal mortality to less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030. The report is accompanied by a set of country…
Health/Medicine | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Global -
ArticlePublication 2010Alternative Strategies to Reduce Maternal Mortality in India: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This article, published in PLoS Medicine, conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve pregnancy …
This article, published in PLoS Medicine, conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve pregnancy and childbirth safety in India. Country- and region-specific data were synthesized using a computer-based model that simulates the natural history of pregnancy and pregnancy-associated complications in individual women, and considers delivery location, attendant, and facility level. Model validation compared projected maternal indicators with empiric data. Strategies consisted of improving coverage of effective interventions that could be provided individually or packaged…
Health/Medicine | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Economics/Finance | Global | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2008Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Point-of-Care Prenatal Syphilis Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa
This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of using rapid point-of-care tests for prenatal syphilis screening among …
This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of using rapid point-of-care tests for prenatal syphilis screening among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with syphilis prevalence rates as high as 17%, and where traditional multi-test screening methods have been challenging to implement. Focusing on newly available rapid point-of-care screening tests, strategies differed by the initial test [rapid plasma reagin (RPR), immunochromographic strip (ICS)], need for confirmation with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, and number of visits required.…
Health/Medicine | Costing Methods | Test Performance | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Infectious Diseases | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Clinical Care | Sub-Saharan Africa -
Tutorial/PrimerPublication, Teaching Resource 2023Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) draws together various theories of learning and cognition …
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) draws together various theories of learning and cognition and applies them to the process of learning through multimedia instruction. At its core, the theory asserts that people learn more effectively from words and graphics than from words alone. While numerous investigators have contributed to this work, we have found Mayer’s (2009) empirically derived principles of multimedia design to be the most relevant and useful for instructional designers and…
Education/Labor | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
Tutorial/PrimerPublication, Teaching Resource 2023Cognitive Load Theory: Learning & Instructional Design
How do we process new information and construct knowledge in our brains? What does “working …
How do we process new information and construct knowledge in our brains? What does “working memory” have to do with learning? What is cognitive load theory and how does it inform the design of learning experiences and educational materials? Cognitive load theory (CLT) is a theory of learning that is based on what we know about how learners process new information in working memory and construct knowledge in long-term memory. In this basic primer, we…
Education/Labor | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
Brief/PerspectivePublication, Teaching Resource 2022Long Enough to Reach the Ground: Video Length in Multimedia
Among the most common questions instructional designers and media producers are asked are, “How important …
Among the most common questions instructional designers and media producers are asked are, “How important is video length, relative to other attributes, in my course design” and “How long should the video be to maximize learning-efficacy?” While there has been some research that provides insights into video length, there are limitations in existing studies that make generalizable recommendations challenging. This short brief looks at two studies to illustrate these challenges and concludes that the current…
Education/Labor | Culture/Society | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
ArticlePublication 2023Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests to Detect Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) …
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 among symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. The general findings were that the performance of Ag-RDTs was optimized when asymptomatic participants tested 3 times at 48-hour intervals and when symptomatic participants tested 2 times separated by 48 hours. Participants completed Ag-RDTs and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 every 48 hours for 15 days. They…
Health/Medicine | Test Performance | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2020Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure
This study aimed to determine the false-negative rate of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection based …
This study aimed to determine the false-negative rate of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the timeline of exposure and symptom onset. Drawing from data in seven studies involving 1,330 upper respiratory tract samples, a Bayesian model was used to estimate these rates. Findings showed that in the initial four days prior to typical symptom onset, the false-negative rate decreased from 100% on day 1 to 67% on day 4. By the day of…
Health/Medicine | Test Performance | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America