Resources Repository
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Working PaperPublication 2024Economic Evaluation Primer
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence …
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence needed to support sound policy decisions. In low- and middle-income countries, where resources are especially scarce and needs are very great, such decisions are exceptionally difficult. In these settings, economic evaluation can be particularly useful in determining how to best improve health and welfare. Typically, cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used to prioritize interventions within the health care sector. This approach…
Global | Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -
ReviewPublication 2023Handbook of Vaccine Health Economics
The open-access book, "Handbook of Applied Health Economics in Vaccines," looks at the complexities of …
The open-access book, "Handbook of Applied Health Economics in Vaccines," looks at the complexities of vaccine discovery, financing, and distribution. It highlights the inadequacy of standard economic models for vaccines. The book explores alternative principles challenging market-based approaches and equips readers with tools for assessing costs and benefits through practical exercises. It serves as a comprehensive resource for decision-making in vaccine development and distribution and emphasizes the importance of considering broader perspectives beyond economic efficiency.…
Global | Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Global | Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ReviewPublication 2018Patient Variability Seldom Assessed in Cost-Effectiveness Studies
This article in Medical Decision Making reviews 200 articles published in 2014 to determine whether …
This article in Medical Decision Making reviews 200 articles published in 2014 to determine whether each cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) study reported subgroup results and collected data on the defining characteristics of these subgroups. Since estimates can vary across patient subgroups when characteristics are influenced by preferences, outcome risks, treatment effectiveness, life expectancy, or associated costs it can be important to track and report these differences. The authors identified whether any of the CEA subgroup results…
Global | Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2016Cochrane Review: Strategies to Improve the Implementation of Obesity Prevention
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement …
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement policies, practices, and programs to promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and prevent unhealthy weight gain, many services fail to do so. The primary aim of the review was to examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed to improve the implementation of policies, practices, or programs by childcare services that promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and/or obesity prevention. The secondary…
Global | Policy/Regulation | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine -
ReviewWeb Portal 2016Use of Economics in Informing U.S. Public Health Policy
The goal of this American Journal of Preventive Medicine supplement on “The Use of Economics …
The goal of this American Journal of Preventive Medicine supplement on “The Use of Economics in Informing U.S. Public Health Policy” is to influence policy researchers to identify and undertake economic research that generates the key evidence needed to inform policy. In public health, economic evaluation, primarily cost and cost-effectiveness analysis, has been widely used to demonstrate the economic burden of health-related conditions and the value of proposed programs and policies. However, despite the wealth…
North America | Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2016Strengthening Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Public Health Policy
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the …
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the conditions in which we live and work: safe design and maintenance of roads, bridges, train tracks, and airports; control of environmental pollutants; occupational safety; healthy buildings; a safe and healthy food supply; safe manufacture of consumer products; a healthy social environment; and others. Faced with the overwhelming array of possibilities, U.S. decision makers need help identifying those that can contribute the…
North America | Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2016Using Economic Evidence to Set Healthcare Priorities in LMIC
Policy makers in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly looking to develop ‘evidence-based’ frameworks …
Policy makers in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly looking to develop ‘evidence-based’ frameworks for identifying priority health interventions. This paper synthesizes and appraises the literature on methodological frameworks – which incorporate economic evaluation evidence – for the purpose of setting healthcare priorities in LMICs. A systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, Econlit and PubMed identified 3968 articles with a further 21 articles identified through manual searching. A total of 36 papers were eligible for inclusion.…
Asia & Pacific | Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ReviewWeb Portal 2015Science of Making Better Decisions About Health: CEA and BCA
This chapter reviews the main scientific methods for guiding the allocation of resources to health: cost-effectiveness …
This chapter reviews the main scientific methods for guiding the allocation of resources to health: cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA), sketches their methodological progress over the last several decades, and presents examples of how medical practice in other high-income countries, where people live longer, follows the priorities indicated by cost-effectiveness analysis.
North America | Policy/Regulation | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Health/Medicine