Resources Repository
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OrganizationWeb Portal 2024Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)
ICER is a non-profit organization that evaluates evidence on a range of topics including the value …
ICER is a non-profit organization that evaluates evidence on a range of topics including the value of medical tests, treatments and delivery system innovations and moves that evidence into action to improve the health care system. To accomplish this goal ICER performs analyses on effectiveness and costs, supports specific programs, and develops reports using innovative methods that make it easier to translate evidence into decisions that can align efforts to use evidence to drive improvements in both…
Technology Assessment | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Health Systems | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Value of Information | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Country-Level Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income …
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income countries (LMICs), based on opportunity costs. When there are constraints on a health care system’s budget or ability to increase expenditures, additional costs imposed by interventions have an “opportunity cost” in terms of the health foregone because other interventions cannot be provided. The authors argue that cost-effectiveness thresholds should reflect health opportunity cost and aim to calculate these in four…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Latin America & Caribbean | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Estimating Health-State Utility for Economic Models: ISPOR Task Force Report
Cost-utility models are increasingly used in many countries to establish whether the cost of a …
Cost-utility models are increasingly used in many countries to establish whether the cost of a new intervention can be justified in terms of health benefits. Health-state utility (HSU) estimates (the preference for a given state of health on a cardinal scale where 0 represents dead and 1 represents full health) are typically among the most important and uncertain data inputs in cost-utility models. Clinical trials represent an important opportunity for the collection of health-utility data.…
Technology Assessment | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Health Systems | Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Departures from Cost-Effectiveness Recommendations: Health System Constraints
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality …
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality decision makers may be faced with numerous other constraints. The objective of this article is to develop a typology of constraints that may act as barriers to implementation of cost-effectiveness recommendations. Six categories of constraints are considered: the design of the health system; costs of implementing change; system interactions between interventions; uncertainty in estimates of costs and benefits; weak governance;…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Economics/Finance | Education/Labor | Government/Law | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2016Accounting for Technical, Ethical, and Political Factors in Priority Setting
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical …
This article investigates two cases of priority setting to explore how, in addition to technical considerations, ethical and political factors shape the allocation of health resources. First, they discuss how Thai authorities adjudicated a coverage decision for HLA-B*1502 screening, which meets the national cost-effectiveness threshold for only some of the conditions it can detect. Second, they consider England’s Cancer Drugs Fund to investigate the interplay of technical decision making and political reality. The findings suggest four concluding…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Policy/Regulation | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Chronic Disease/Risk | Climate/Environment | Government/Law | Science/Technology | Global -
BookPublication 2014Decision Making in Health and Medicine: Integrating Evidence and Values
Decision making in health care involves consideration of a complex set of diagnostic, therapeutic and …
Decision making in health care involves consideration of a complex set of diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic uncertainties. Medical therapies have side effects, surgical interventions may lead to complications, and diagnostic tests can produce misleading results. Furthermore, patient values and service costs must be considered. Decisions in clinical and health policy require careful weighing of risks and benefits and are commonly a trade-off of competing objectives: maximizing quality of life vs maximizing life expectancy vs minimizing…
Test Performance | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Health Systems | Probability/Bayes | Preferences/Values | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Value of Information | Mathematical Models | Decision Analysis | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Global | North America | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Decision Making/Leadership | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Female HPV Vaccination in 179 Countries: A PRIME Modelling Study
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), …
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), used to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality. The PRIME models incidence according to proposed vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18, vaccine coverage, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and HPV type distribution. It assumes lifelong vaccine protection and no changes to other screening programs…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ReviewPublication 2013Public Health Economics: Review of Guidance for Economic Evaluation
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health …
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health interventions. Public Health Economics is the science and art of supporting decision making as to how society can use its available resources to advance health, and minimize opportunity cost. In this review, the authors identified 5 international guidance documents, 7 UK guidance documents and 4 documents by individual commentators. The papers reviewed identify the main methodological challenges that face analysts…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe | Policy/Regulation | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2022Distributional Effects of Tobacco Tax Increases across Mexico: An ECEA
This study examines the distributional impacts of a one-peso tobacco tax increase in Mexico, focusing …
This study examines the distributional impacts of a one-peso tobacco tax increase in Mexico, focusing on health, poverty, and financial outcomes at the subnational level. Utilizing an extended cost-effectiveness analysis, the research estimates various metrics such as life-years gained, smoking attributable deaths averted, treatment costs averted, and financial impacts by income group across five regions. Findings reveal that the tax increase would lead to significant benefits, including approximately 1.5 million smokers quitting across the regions,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation