Resources Repository
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Resource PortalWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2024National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, founded in 1863, has a mission to provide …
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, founded in 1863, has a mission to provide nonpartisan, objective guidance for decision makers on policy challenges in the context of science, engineering, and medicine. NAS reports and convening activities have a wide range of impacts on policy and practice. They guide the development of federal laws and regulations, improve the effectiveness of government programs, shape the direction of research fields, and inform public knowledge and dialogue about…
Risk Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Infectious Diseases | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Injuries/Accidents | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Global Governance | Climate/Environment | Energy/Engineering | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Military/Defense | Science/Technology | Global | North America | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Decision Making/Leadership | Policy Translation -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Hypertension Treatment According to 2014 Guidelines
This article compared the cost-effectiveness of hypertension treatment in non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites according …
This article compared the cost-effectiveness of hypertension treatment in non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites according to 2014 US hypertension treatment guidelines. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) policy model was used to simulate CVD events, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and treatment costs in 35- to 74-year-old adults with untreated hypertension. CVD incidence, mortality, and risk factor levels were obtained from cohort studies, hospital registries, vital statistics, and national surveys. The authors assumed a willingness-to-pay for health of…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Intensive Blood Pressure Management
This article aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of intensive blood pressure management compared with standard …
This article aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of intensive blood pressure management compared with standard management among 68-year-old high-risk adults with hypertension but not diabetes. A Markov cohort model was developed to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) discounted at 3% annually. The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was used to estimate treatment effects and adverse event rates. The authors used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Life Tables to project age- and…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Blood Pressure Treatment Guidelines in Adults 35-74
In this article the authors used the CVD Policy Model to compare the cost-effectiveness of …
In this article the authors used the CVD Policy Model to compare the cost-effectiveness of conservative versus intensive blood pressure treatment guidelines in adult hypertensive patients aged 35 to 74 years. Outcomes included in the study were CVD events, treatment costs, quality-adjusted life years, and drug and monitoring costs projected over the years 2016 to 2026. The effectiveness and costs of hypertension were calculated for treatment according to the 2003 Joint National Committee (JNC)-7 or…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Clinical Care | North America -
Lesson/ModuleWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2016Scientific Evidence of Factual Causation
This module examines three scientific areas that provide evidence bearing on causation in the “toxic …
This module examines three scientific areas that provide evidence bearing on causation in the “toxic tort” or environmental disease context: epidemiology, toxicology, and genetics. These scientific disciplines are used in civil lawsuits and in regulatory proceedings in which causation or risk is an issue. The module is appropriate for non-scientist law students as well as others interested in learning the science of toxic tort causation, including practicing attorneys, judges, and public policy and public health…
Risk Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Environmental Health | Policy/Regulation | Climate/Environment | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Science/Technology | Global | North America | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Collaborative Care for Depression and Comorbid Diabetes or CVD
This article, published in BMJ Open, presents an economic model that combines a decision tree …
This article, published in BMJ Open, presents an economic model that combines a decision tree and a Markov cohort model to investigate the long-term cost-effectiveness of collaborative care versus usual care for individuals with depression and comorbid diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Data from the COINCIDE trial informs the model input parameters. The COINCIDE trial is a randomized controlled trial of collaborative care versus usual care that enrolled 387 participants from 36 primary care general practices…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Mental Health | Europe -
Lesson/ModuleWeb Portal, Teaching Resource 2016Educational Module: Drug-Induced Birth Defects
Using the currently topical issue of whether SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) anti-depressants cause birth …
Using the currently topical issue of whether SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) anti-depressants cause birth defects, the module aims to provide students with a general understanding of the following: (1) human risk factor causation as determined by epidemiologic methods; (2) the limits of non-human toxicological evidence to the assessment of causality in humans; (3) the importance of pharmacovigilance for all medications; (4) special difficulties in identifying causes of human birth defects; (5) the importance of…
Risk Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Government/Law | Science/Technology | Global | North America | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Critical Thinking/Analysis | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2016Prevention of Hepatitis C by Screening and Treatment in U.S. Prisons
This study assesses the health and economic impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and …
This study assesses the health and economic impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment in U.S. prisons on the broader HCV epidemic. Employing an agent-based microsimulation model of HCV transmission and disease progression, data from published literature inform the analysis. The target populations include individuals in U.S. prisons and the general community over a 30-year timeframe, adopting a societal perspective. Interventions encompass risk-based and universal opt-out HCV screening in prisons, followed by treatment…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015A Conceptual Model for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process …
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process in detail across different organ sites. This limits the ability of medical and public health professionals to develop and evaluate coordinated screening programs that apply resources and population management strategies available for one cancer site to other sites. This paper presents a conceptual model that incorporates a single screening episode for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers into a unified framework based…
Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Test Performance | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America