Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2015Salt Reduction Policy in South Africa: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This paper is an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to model the potential health and economic impacts of …
This paper is an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to model the potential health and economic impacts of a salt reduction policy in South Africa. The authors used surveys and epidemiologic studies to estimate reductions in CVD resulting from lower salt intake. They calculated the average out-of-pocket (OOP) cost of CVD care and estimated the reduction in OOP expenditures and government subsidies due to the policy. They also estimated the costs of policy implementation and financial risk protection (FRP) benefits. The…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Economics/Finance | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015Publicly Financed HPV Vaccination in China: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors …
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors estimated the distribution of deaths averted by income quintile, compared vaccination paired with screening against current practice. They estimated reductions in cervical cancer incidence, net costs to the government, and patient cost savings, as well as the incremental government health care costs per death averted. When the cost per HPV vaccination is less than US$50 per vaccinated girl, vaccination was…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Economics/Finance | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Microsimulation | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Population Health Model (POHEM): An Overview
This paper provides an overview of the rationale, methodology and applications of the Population Health …
This paper provides an overview of the rationale, methodology and applications of the Population Health Model (POHEM). POHEM is a health microsimulation model, developed at Statistics Canada in the early 1990s. The authors describe that POHEM draws together rich multivariate data from a wide range of sources to simulate the lifecycle of the Canadian population, specifically focusing on aspects of health. The model dynamically simulates individuals’ disease states, risk factors, and health determinants, in order…
Calibration/Validation | Economics/Finance | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2015Medicare's Use of CEA for Prevention (But Not Treatment)
Medicare currently pays for 23 preventive services in its benefits package, the majority of which …
Medicare currently pays for 23 preventive services in its benefits package, the majority of which were added since 2005. In the past decade, the program has transformed from one essentially administering treatment claims, to one increasingly focused on health promotion and maintenance. What is largely unappreciated is the role cost-effectiveness analysis has played in the coverage of preventive services. This study reviews the role of cost-effectiveness analysis in Medicare coverage of preventive services and contrast it…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Economics/Finance | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Technology Assessment | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2013Contribution of H. Pylori and Smoking to US Incidence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Microsimulation Model
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading …
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This analysis estimates the contribution of risk factor trends on past and future intestinal-type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) incidence. The authors developed a population-based microsimulation model of intestinal-type NCGA and calibrated it to U.S. epidemiologic data on precancerous lesions and cancer. The model explicitly incorporated the impact of Helicobacter pylori and smoking on disease natural history, for which…
Calibration/Validation | Culture/Society | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Social Determinants | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2008Modeling Cervical Cancer Prevention in Developed Countries
Decision-analytic models are increasingly developed to simulate disease burden and interventions in different settings in …
Decision-analytic models are increasingly developed to simulate disease burden and interventions in different settings in order to evaluate the benefits and cost-effectiveness of primary and secondary interventions. This article is a review of mathematical models that have been used to evaluate HPV vaccination in the context of developed countries with existing screening programs. Despite variations in model assumptions and uncertainty in existing data, pre-adolescent vaccination of females in the setting of current screening practices has…
Calibration/Validation | Science/Technology | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2007Modeling HPV and Cervical Cancer in the U.S. for Analyses of Screening and Vaccination
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty …
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty about the natural history of disease that was used to provide quantitative insight into U.S. policy choices for cervical cancer prevention. The authors developed a stochastic microsimulation of cervical cancer that distinguishes different HPV types by their incidence, clearance, persistence, and progression. For each set of sampled input parameters, likelihood-based goodness-of-fit (GOF) scores were computed based on comparisons between model-predicted…
Calibration/Validation | Science/Technology | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | North America