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Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2023Benefits and Costs of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations …
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and healthcare and private sector workers. These mandates were controversial and some were halted by litigation. If they had been implemented as intended, the net benefits would depend on the course of the pandemic. If a more transmissible variant (such as Omicron) emerges, the net benefits may be large. If the pandemic instead fades, the benefits…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Business/Industry | North America | Infectious Diseases | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance -
ReviewPublication 2017Use of Mathematical Models of Chlamydia Transmission to Address Public Health Policy Questions
This review provides an overview of chlamydia transmission models and offers perspective on how mathematical …
This review provides an overview of chlamydia transmission models and offers perspective on how mathematical modeling has responded over time to additional empirical evidence in order to address policy questions related to prevention of chlamydia infection. The authors reviewed published chlamydia models to understand the range of approaches used for policy analyses and how the studies have responded to developments in the field. The authors identified 47 publications reporting on 29 mathematical models through a…
Mathematical Models | Dynamic Transmission | State-Transition | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care -
OrganizationWeb Portal 2024Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)
ICER is a non-profit organization that evaluates evidence on a range of topics including the value …
ICER is a non-profit organization that evaluates evidence on a range of topics including the value of medical tests, treatments and delivery system innovations and moves that evidence into action to improve the health care system. To accomplish this goal ICER performs analyses on effectiveness and costs, supports specific programs, and develops reports using innovative methods that make it easier to translate evidence into decisions that can align efforts to use evidence to drive improvements in both…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Business/Industry | North America | Infectious Diseases | Preferences/Values | Evidence Synthesis | Value of Information | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2009Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Including Boys in a HPV Vaccination Program in the U.S.
This article reports on a societal-perspective cost effectiveness analysis of including preadolescent boys in a …
This article reports on a societal-perspective cost effectiveness analysis of including preadolescent boys in a routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program for preadolescent girls. The analysis included girls and boys aged 12 years; interventions included HPV vaccination of girls alone and of girls and boys in the context of screening for cervical cancer. The authors found that with 75% vaccination coverage and an assumption of complete, lifelong vaccine efficacy, routine HPV vaccination of 12-year-old girls…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Dynamic Transmission | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2008Health and Economic Implications of HPV Vaccination in the U.S.
This article reports on a study using models of HPV-16 and HPV-18 transmission and cervical …
This article reports on a study using models of HPV-16 and HPV-18 transmission and cervical carcinogenesis to compare the health and economic outcomes of vaccinating preadolescent girls in the US (at 12 years of age), and vaccinating older girls and women in catch-up programs (to 18, 21, or 26 years of age). The study also examined the health benefits of averting other HPV-16-related and HPV-18-related cancers, the prevention of HPV-6-related and HPV-11-related genital warts and…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Dynamic Transmission | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2002Empirically Calibrated Model of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States
This article presents an epidemiologic model of hepatitis C in the United States. The authors …
This article presents an epidemiologic model of hepatitis C in the United States. The authors used empirical calibration of model parameters to gain insights into uncertainty in the natural history of hepatitis C and to improve future projections. The authors identified model inputs by way of a systematic review. Model simulations were conducted and model predictions were compared with epidemiologic data on infection prevalence and mortality from liver cancer. Goodness-of-fit criteria were used to identify…
Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | State-Transition | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk -
ArticlePublication 2020Online Competition between Pro- and Anti-Vaccination Views
Distrust in scientific expertise is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, …
Distrust in scientific expertise is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks as happened for measles in 2019. Homemade remedies and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismissals of expert advice. There is a lack of understanding about how this distrust evolves at the system level. Authors provide a map of the contention surrounding vaccines that has…
Decision Psychology | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Preferences/Values | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2017Misinformation Lingers in Memory: Failure of Three Pro-Vaccination Strategies
People's inability to update their memories in light of corrective information may have important public …
People's inability to update their memories in light of corrective information may have important public health consequences, as in the case of vaccination choice. The authors compare three potentially effective strategies in vaccine promotion: (1) one contrasting myths vs. facts, (2) one employing fact and icon boxes, and (3) one showing images of non-vaccinated sick children. Beliefs in the autism/vaccines link and in vaccines side effects, along with intention to vaccinate a future child, were…
Decision Psychology | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Preferences/Values | Child/Nutrition | Culture/Society | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2017Increasing Vaccination: Putting Psychological Science into Action
Vaccination is one of the great achievements of the 20th century, yet persistent public health …
Vaccination is one of the great achievements of the 20th century, yet persistent public health problems include inadequate, delayed, and unstable vaccination uptake. Psychology offers three general propositions for understanding and intervening to increase uptake where vaccines are available and affordable. The first proposition is that thoughts and feelings can motivate getting vaccinated. Hundreds of studies have shown that risk beliefs and anticipated regret about infectious disease correlate reliably with getting vaccinated; low confidence in…
Decision Psychology | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America | Infectious Diseases | Preferences/Values | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Global Governance | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | Global