Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2015Controlling Measles Using Supplemental Immunization: A Mathematical Model
The Measles & Rubella Initiative, a broad consortium of global health agencies, has provided support …
The Measles & Rubella Initiative, a broad consortium of global health agencies, has provided support to measles-burdened countries, focusing on sustaining high coverage of routine immunization of children and supplementing it with a second dose opportunity for measles vaccine through supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). Authors estimate optimal scheduling of SIAs in countries with the highest measles burden using an age-stratified dynamic compartmental model of measles transmission. They explore the frequency of SIAs in order to achieve…
Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes | Dynamic Transmission | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2014Economic Implications of Population Ageing in China & India: Introduction to the Special Issue
In this special issue of The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, we focus on economic …
In this special issue of The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, we focus on economic aspects of population ageing in the world’s two population superpowers: China and India. China and India have been the subject of comparison for many years. Observations about their relative political and economic development abound (see for example Sen, 2013), but little analysis is currently available of their comparative demographic trajectories and the possible economic consequences of the population ageing that they are both undergoing. These demographic…
Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2014HIV Cure Strategies: How Good Must They be to Improve on ART?
This article uses a microsimulation model to explore under what circumstances three HIV cure strategies …
This article uses a microsimulation model to explore under what circumstances three HIV cure strategies (gene therapy, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (SCT)) would improve efficacy, toxicity, cost and quality of life outcomes compared to current antiretroviral therapy (ART). Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000 per QALY, results show that gene therapy was cost-effective compared to ART with an efficacy of 10%, relapse rate of 0.5%/month, and cost of $54,000. Chemotherapy was cost-effective with an…
Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2014Valuing Vaccination
Vaccination has led to remarkable health gains over the last century. However, large coverage gaps …
Vaccination has led to remarkable health gains over the last century. However, large coverage gaps remain, which will require significant financial resources and political will to address. In recent years, a compelling line of inquiry has established the economic benefits of health, at both the individual and aggregate levels. Most existing economic evaluations of particular health interventions fail to account for this new research, leading to potentially sizable undervaluation of those interventions. In line with…
Infectious Diseases | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Female HPV Vaccination in 179 Countries: A PRIME Modelling Study
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), …
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), used to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality. The PRIME models incidence according to proposed vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18, vaccine coverage, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and HPV type distribution. It assumes lifelong vaccine protection and no changes to other screening programs…
Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2014Rise and Fall of HIV in High-Prevalence Countries: A Challenge for Mathematical Modeling
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines …
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines in transmission. These HIV epidemics, often with rapid onsets, have generally been attributed to a combination of factors related to high-risk sexual behavior. The subsequent declines in these countries began prior to widespread therapy or implementation of any other major biomedical prevention. This change has been construed as evidence of behavior change, often on the basis of mathematical models, but…
Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2014Indemics: Interactive Computing Framework for Data Intensive Epidemic Modeling
The design and prototype implementation of Indemics (Interactive EpidemicSimulation) is described, a modeling environment utilizing …
The design and prototype implementation of Indemics (Interactive EpidemicSimulation) is described, a modeling environment utilizing high-performance computing technologies for supporting complex epidemic simulations. Indemics can support policy analysts and epidemiologists interested in planning and control of pandemics. Indemics goes beyond traditional epidemic simulations by providing a way to represent and analyze policy-based as well as individual-based adaptive interventions. Users can also stop the simulation at any point, assess the state of the simulated system, and…
Infectious Diseases | Mathematical Models | Dynamic Transmission | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2013Validation and Calibration of a Simulation Model of Pediatric HIV Infection
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of …
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC) model framework. This CEPAC-Pediatric model was then validated by varying CD4 data and comparing the corresponding model-generated survival curves to empirical survival curves obtained from the International Epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). The model was calibrated to other African countries by systematically varying immunologic and HIV mortality-related input parameters. In the calibration analyses, the model-generated…
Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ReviewPublication 2013Role of Health Economic Analyses in Vaccine Decision Making
Beginning in the 20th century with the consideration of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in …
Beginning in the 20th century with the consideration of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the US, cost effectiveness became a topic of discussion when a vaccine was being considered for universal use by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization practices (ACIP). In 2008, the ACIP began using formal criteria for the presentation of such data and their inclusion in ACIP discussions. More recently, the U.S. Institute of Medicine has recommended that health economic considerations play a…
Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America