Resources Repository
-
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnosing HIV Infection During Early Infancy in South Africa
In this study the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of four different early infant HIV diagnosis …
In this study the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of four different early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) testing strategies for HIV-exposed infants in South Africa were compared using a microsimulation model. The strategies included (1) no EID (diagnosis only after illness), (2) and (3) testing once (at birth alone or at 6 weeks of age alone), and (4) testing twice (at birth and 6 weeks of age). Findings showed that the testing at birth alone strategy…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition -
ArticlePublication 2016Extended CEA: Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Ethiopia
This chapter examines universal public finance of the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and diarrhea …
This chapter examines universal public finance of the prevention and treatment of pneumonia and diarrhea in Ethiopia, with a focus on children under age five years. This extended cost-effectiveness analysis examines benefits by income quintile so that policy makers can better understand how each package affects different segments of the population and permits the incorporation of financial risk protection in the economic evaluation of health policies - both critical elements of universal health coverage.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2015Thirty Years of Vaccination in Vietnam: Impact and Cost-Effectiveness
Countries like Vietnam transitioning to middle-income status increasingly bear the cost of both existing and …
Countries like Vietnam transitioning to middle-income status increasingly bear the cost of both existing and new vaccines. However, the impact and cost-effectiveness of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) as a whole has never been assessed on a country level. Data on vaccine-preventable disease incidence and mortality from Vietnam's national surveillance was analyzed to estimate the likely impact that vaccination in 1980–2010 may have had. The same data were separately analyzed using the Lives Saved Tool…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected African Children Less Than 3 Years of Age
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine …
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine with second-line lopinavir/ritonavir, and first-line lopinavir/ritonavir with second-line nevirapine) for HIV-infected children less than 3 years of age in Africa, using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications- Pediatric model and data obtained from the International Maternal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Clinical Trial P1060 trial. Results demonstrated that both ART regimens were very cost-effective compared to no ART. First-line lopinavir/ritonavir led to longer…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition -
ArticlePublication 2015Health and Social Protection Effects of Measles Vaccination in Ethiopia: Extended CEA
Using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA), this paper evaluates the health and economic implications of different …
Using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA), this paper evaluates the health and economic implications of different vaccine delivery strategies in Ethiopia: (1) routine immunization, (2) routine immunization with financial incentives, and (3) mass campaigns, known as supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), for measles vaccination. At higher costs, SIAs reached higher levels of vaccine coverage. Routine immunization paired with financial incentives was found to increase the demand among poorer households.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Global Governance | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2014Rise and Fall of HIV in High-Prevalence Countries: A Challenge for Mathematical Modeling
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines …
Several countries with generalized, high-prevalence HIV epidemics, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, have experienced rapid declines in transmission. These HIV epidemics, often with rapid onsets, have generally been attributed to a combination of factors related to high-risk sexual behavior. The subsequent declines in these countries began prior to widespread therapy or implementation of any other major biomedical prevention. This change has been construed as evidence of behavior change, often on the basis of mathematical models, but…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes -
ArticlePublication 2013Validation and Calibration of a Simulation Model of Pediatric HIV Infection
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of …
The authors developed a microsimulation model of pediatric HIV disease progression using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC) model framework. This CEPAC-Pediatric model was then validated by varying CD4 data and comparing the corresponding model-generated survival curves to empirical survival curves obtained from the International Epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). The model was calibrated to other African countries by systematically varying immunologic and HIV mortality-related input parameters. In the calibration analyses, the model-generated…
Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition