Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected African Children Less Than 3 Years of Age
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine …
This article compares the cost-effectiveness of different strategies of first-line antiretroviral therapy (no ART, first-line nevirapine with second-line lopinavir/ritonavir, and first-line lopinavir/ritonavir with second-line nevirapine) for HIV-infected children less than 3 years of age in Africa, using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications- Pediatric model and data obtained from the International Maternal, Pediatric, and Adolescent Clinical Trial P1060 trial. Results demonstrated that both ART regimens were very cost-effective compared to no ART. First-line lopinavir/ritonavir led to longer…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Infectious Diseases | Microsimulation | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015Salt Reduction Policy in South Africa: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This paper is an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to model the potential health and economic impacts of …
This paper is an extended cost-effectiveness analysis to model the potential health and economic impacts of a salt reduction policy in South Africa. The authors used surveys and epidemiologic studies to estimate reductions in CVD resulting from lower salt intake. They calculated the average out-of-pocket (OOP) cost of CVD care and estimated the reduction in OOP expenditures and government subsidies due to the policy. They also estimated the costs of policy implementation and financial risk protection (FRP) benefits. The…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015Extended CEA: Surgical Access in Ethiopia
This chapter presents an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve access to surgical care …
This chapter presents an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to improve access to surgical care in rural Ethiopia, providing information on the health and financial risk protection benefits of policies. This chapter is from Essential Surgery, the first volume in the Disease Control Priorities, third edition (DCP3) series. The volume presents data on the surgical burden of disease, disability, congenital anomalies, and trauma, along with health impact and economic analyses of procedures, platforms, and packages…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Costing Methods | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2010Health and Economic Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination in GAVI-Eligible Countries
Rotavirus infection is responsible for about 500,000 deaths annually, and the disease burden is disproportionately …
Rotavirus infection is responsible for about 500,000 deaths annually, and the disease burden is disproportionately borne by children in low-income countries. Motivated by the global recommendation by the WHO that all countries include infant rotavirus vaccination in their national immunization programs, the objective of this analysis was to provide information on the expected health, economic and financial consequences of rotavirus vaccines in the 72 GAVI support-eligible countries. The authors synthesized population-level data from various sources (primarily from…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Infectious Diseases | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2009Cost-Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in Vietnam
This article reports on a cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination, including varying degrees of severity, …
This article reports on a cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination, including varying degrees of severity, age-dependency of clinical manifestation, and additional features of the disease (e.g., the possibility of reinfection and varying degrees of partial immunity conferred by natural infection). The authors developed a Markov model that reflects key features of rotavirus infection, using the most recent data available at the time of their analysis. They applied the model to the 2004 Vietnamese birth cohort…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Infectious Diseases | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Health Systems | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2024Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions to Improve Uptake of Diabetes Services in South Africa
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes …
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes diagnosis and treatment service utilization in South Africa (SA) using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). Applying a Markov model over a 45-year period, the analysis compares costs, health benefits, and financial risk protection (FRP) attributes of different CCT strategies, drawing from SA-specific data. Three scenarios were simulated: covering diagnosis services only, treatment services only, and both diagnosis and treatment services. Cost-effectiveness,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness and Long-Term Savings of the Bright Bodies Intervention for Childhood Obesity
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of Bright Bodies, a family-based pediatric weight management intervention, using …
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of Bright Bodies, a family-based pediatric weight management intervention, using a microsimulation model projecting 10-year BMI trajectories of children with obesity. Data from a randomized controlled trial and follow-up study inform the model, which estimates the intervention's effect on BMI reduction and incremental costs compared to clinical control. Results indicate that Bright Bodies reduces BMI by 1.67 kg/m2 per year over 10 years, with an incremental cost of $360 per…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Microsimulation | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Performance of Rapid Antigen Tests to Detect Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) …
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 among symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. The general findings were that the performance of Ag-RDTs was optimized when asymptomatic participants tested 3 times at 48-hour intervals and when symptomatic participants tested 2 times separated by 48 hours. Participants completed Ag-RDTs and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 every 48 hours for 15 days. They…
Test Performance | Health/Medicine | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2020Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure
This study aimed to determine the false-negative rate of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection based …
This study aimed to determine the false-negative rate of RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the timeline of exposure and symptom onset. Drawing from data in seven studies involving 1,330 upper respiratory tract samples, a Bayesian model was used to estimate these rates. Findings showed that in the initial four days prior to typical symptom onset, the false-negative rate decreased from 100% on day 1 to 67% on day 4. By the day of…
Test Performance | Health/Medicine | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America