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ArticlePublication 2012Estimated Benefits of Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Decision Model
This article, published in Annals of General Psychiatry, describes the development of a decision tree model …
This article, published in Annals of General Psychiatry, describes the development of a decision tree model with Markov processes to quantify the resources used and the corresponding burden of disease due to a projected reduction in relapse frequency resulting from further improvements in medication compliance in patients with schizophrenia. The analyses are conducted from the third party payer perspective and outcomes are modeled over a one-year and five-year time horizon. Three delivery technologies are compared: a…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2008Cost-Effectiveness of Atypical Antipsychotics in the U.K.
This article, published in Value in Health, describes an adapted version of an earlier published …
This article, published in Value in Health, describes an adapted version of an earlier published discrete event simulation (DES) model that aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of atypical relative to conventional antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia in the UK. Over a 5-year period, the disease and treatment history of the patients is monitored in terms of symptoms (using the Positive and Negative Symptom Score [PANSS]), psychiatrist visits, pharmacological treatment and treatment location, number and…
Mental Health | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Off-Label Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents
This article, published in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, presents a decision tree to evaluate …
This article, published in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, presents a decision tree to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) to other non-stimulant ADHD medications in treating children and adolescents with ADHD who failed initial stimulant treatment. The strategies compared in the analysis are: (1) AAPs, (2) a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine), and (3) selective α2-adrenergic agonists (clonidine and guanfacine). Data on the input parameters of the model are derived from the literature.…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2017Model-Based Economic Evaluation of Treatments for Depression: A Systematic Review
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, systematically reviews the literature in order to identify model-based studies …
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, systematically reviews the literature in order to identify model-based studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of treatments for depression and examine the appropriateness of different modelling technique for simulating the natural course of depression. The review yielded 41 model-based studies, of which 21 used decision trees (DTs), 15 used cohort-based state-transition Markov models (CMMs), two used individual-based state-transition models (ISMs), and three used discrete-event simulation (DES) models. Just over half of the…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2012A Critical Review of Model-Based Economic Studies of Depression
This article, published in PharmacoEconomics, reviews the literature on model-based cost-utility studies of depression. The …
This article, published in PharmacoEconomics, reviews the literature on model-based cost-utility studies of depression. The strengths and limitations of different modeling techniques and the factors influencing the choice for a specific modeling technique is discussed. The authors also address the appropriateness of model structure and data sources used to populate the models. This review identifies fourteen model-based studies including 8 studies that developed decision trees, 5 studies used Markov models, and one study a Markov…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2006Model to Assess the Cost-Effectiveness of New Treatments for Depression
This article, published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, describes a …
This article, published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, describes a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical new treatment for depression with standard care. Data on costs, quality of life and transition probabilities are derived from the observational Health Economic Aspects of Depression in Sweden (HEADIS) study. Data on long-term consequences of depression and mortality risks are obtained from the published literature. The analyses are conducted from the…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2010Cost-Effectiveness of Improved Primary Care Treatment of Depression in Women in Chile
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, describes a modified version of a …
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, describes a modified version of a previously developed Markov cohort model to compare the cost-effectiveness of usual care and improved stepped care among women with major depression in Chile. The lifetime cost-effectiveness results are measured in international dollars per quality-adjusted life year (I$/QALY). This international dollar takes into account the purchasing power parity of each country. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of usual care is $113…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2006Costs & Benefits of Enhanced Depression Care to Employers
This article, published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of …
This article, published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a program of enhanced depression care, specifically for workers compared to usual care from the societal perspective in a cohort of 40-year-old employees in the US. The authors also conduct a cost-benefit analysis from the perspective of the employer-purchaser over a 5-year time frame. From the societal perspective, the results indicate that screening and depression care management for workers…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation vs. Antidepressants
This article, published in Value in Health, describes the development of a Markov model to …
This article, published in Value in Health, describes the development of a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy with pharmacotherapy for the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Pharmacotherapy includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclics, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Data on model input parameters are obtained from published literature, national cost reports, and expert opinions. Analyses…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Oceania -
ArticlePublication 2012Cost-Effectiveness of Antidepressants and CBT for Major Depression in Thailand
This article, published in Value in Health, describes the adaptation of an earlier published discrete …
This article, published in Value in Health, describes the adaptation of an earlier published discrete event simulation model to compare the cost-effectiveness of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to a “do-nothing” scenario for major depression in Thailand. Fluoxetine and CBT are analyzed for episodic treatment and for 5-year maintenance treatment. Model inputs are derived from Thai data on disease parameters, while costs and impact parameters are obtained from a systematic review and meta-analysis of the…
Mental Health | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2012Cost Effectiveness of Quetiapine in Bipolar Depression
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, presents a discrete event simulation model to investigate the cost-effectiveness …
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, presents a discrete event simulation model to investigate the cost-effectiveness of quetiapine compared with olanzapine in patients with acute bipolar depression and in maintenance treatment after an acute depressive episode in the UK. The following events are possible in the model: stable patient (remission), depressive episode, manic episode and mortality. A patient will move to a next event based on time-to-event functions. The analysis is conducted from the societal perspective…
Mental Health | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2017Costs and Benefits of Insuring Psychological Services for Depression in Canada
This article, published in Psychiatric Services, describes the development of a discrete event simulation model …
This article, published in Psychiatric Services, describes the development of a discrete event simulation model to investigate the costs and effects of increasing access to publicly-funded psychotherapy for depression compared to the status quo in a public health care system in Canada. The analyses from both the societal and health system perspective are conducted over a 40-year time horizon. Data on the probability of events, costs (direct and indirect), and utility estimates are obtained from…
Mental Health | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2006Treatment for Moderate and Severe Depression: Decision Analysis for a Clinical Guideline
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, presents a decision tree model that …
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, presents a decision tree model that compares the cost-effectiveness of different treatment options for patients with moderate to severe depression in secondary care in the UK (i.e., antidepressants, psychological therapy and a combination of the two). Clinical, utility, and cost data were obtained from the published literature. Over the 15-month analysis period, results indicate that combination therapy result in higher costs and an expected 0.16 increase…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Collaborative Care for Depression and Comorbid Diabetes or CVD
This article, published in BMJ Open, presents an economic model that combines a decision tree …
This article, published in BMJ Open, presents an economic model that combines a decision tree and a Markov cohort model to investigate the long-term cost-effectiveness of collaborative care versus usual care for individuals with depression and comorbid diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Data from the COINCIDE trial informs the model input parameters. The COINCIDE trial is a randomized controlled trial of collaborative care versus usual care that enrolled 387 participants from 36 primary care general practices…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2006Can Discrete Event Simulation be of Use in Modeling Major Depression?
This article, published in Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, reviews the published literature on Markov …
This article, published in Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, reviews the published literature on Markov models in depression and identified potential limitations in using this particular modelling approach in this disease area. Additionally, the authors develop a “Discrete Event Simulation” (DES) model to investigate the benefits and drawbacks of this simulation method compared with Markov modelling techniques. The findings of this study indicate that the most important limitation of using Markov models in depression is…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Decision Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2012Modeling the Risks and Benefits of Depression Treatment for Children and Young Adults
This article, published in Value in Health, presents a discrete event simulation model to quantify …
This article, published in Value in Health, presents a discrete event simulation model to quantify the trade-offs with respect to clinical benefits and the risk of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behavior of alternative treatment strategies for a U.S. pediatric population with major depressive disorder. The authors evaluate treatment strategies including: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and a combination of both. The results show that the use of SSRIs is associated with…
Mental Health | Health Outcomes | Microsimulation | Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2011Cost-Effectiveness of Aripiprazole versus Olanzapine in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
This article, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, describes a Markov model that estimates the cost-effectiveness …
This article, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, describes a Markov model that estimates the cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole versus olanzapine in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in Sweden with a focus on the metabolic impact of the treatments. The health-state transition model consists of five health states: no metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and death. The analyses are conducted over a lifetime, with a cycle length of one year.…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Asenapine in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Canada
This article, published in BMC Psychiatry, presents a decision tree combined with a Markov model …
This article, published in BMC Psychiatry, presents a decision tree combined with a Markov model that estimates the cost-effectiveness of asenapine compared with olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in Canada. The decision tree part of the model takes into account the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms, the probability of switching to a different antipsychotic, and the probability of gaining weight. The Markov model part takes into account the long-term metabolic complications including diabetes, hypertension,…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2014Systematic Review of Model-Based Economic Evaluations of Drugs in Bipolar Disorder
This article, published in Applied Economics and Health Policy, systematically and critically reviews the literature …
This article, published in Applied Economics and Health Policy, systematically and critically reviews the literature on model-based economic evaluations of pharmacotherapeutics in patients with bipolar disorders. This review identifies 14 studies. Of these 14 studies, nine use Markov, three use discrete-event simulation (DES) and two use decision-tree models. Most of the studies (n = 11) do not include the rationale for the choice of modelling technique undertaken. Half of the studies do not include the…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2016An Extended CEA of Schizophrenia Treatment in India under Universal Public Finance
This paper evaluates the potential health and financial risk protection effects of a policy of …
This paper evaluates the potential health and financial risk protection effects of a policy of universal public finance (UPF) to treating schizophrenia in India. The study uses the extended cost effectiveness analysis framework across income quintiles. The results show financial protection benefits concentrated in the richest income quintiles, while health gains were concentrated among the poorest. The value of insurance is highest for the poorest income and decreases as the household income increases. In settings…
Mental Health | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2008Modelling Approaches: The Case of Schizophrenia
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, evaluates three modelling techniques including decision trees, Markov models (using …
This article, published in Pharmacoeconomics, evaluates three modelling techniques including decision trees, Markov models (using both cohort and microsimulation approaches) and discrete event simulation models in the case of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a complex disease with considerable variation in the course of disease between individual patients. The three modelling techniques are compared in terms of their ability to deal with this patient heterogeneity, building time, data requirements, medico-scientific experience, simulation time, clinical representation, the timing…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
This article, published in Value in Health, describes a Markov model that compares the cost-effectiveness …
This article, published in Value in Health, describes a Markov model that compares the cost-effectiveness of alternate sequences of treatment strategies using second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for patients with schizophrenia. First-line treatments include one of the four SGAs: olanzapine (OLZ), risperidone (RSP), quetiapine (QTP), and ziprasidone (ZSD). Patients are able switch to another of these antipsychotics as second-line therapy, and only clozapine (CLZ) is allowed as third-line treatment. Model input parameters were obtained from the Clinical…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2012Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Antidepressants in Primary Care
This article, published in PLoS One, presents a decision tree model to compare the effectiveness …
This article, published in PLoS One, presents a decision tree model to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pharmacological first line treatment in primary care for patients with moderate to severe depression. The authors compare 10 antidepressants (citalopram, duloxetine escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine mirtazapine, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline and venlafaxine) over a one-year time horizon. A meta-analysis was conducted to obtains the remission rates from randomized controlled trials and cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were obtained…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost Effectiveness of Psychological and Pharmacological Interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder
This article, published in PLoS One, presents a decision tree model followed by a two-state …
This article, published in PLoS One, presents a decision tree model followed by a two-state Markov model that evaluates 28 psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder. The pharmacological interventions include seven selective serotonin/serotonin-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors, two monoamine oxidase inhibitors (including phenelzine), one anticonvulsant, one noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant. The psychological interventions include self-help without therapist support (book- and computer-based), self-help with therapist support (book- and computer-based), exposure in vivo, mindfulness training, two…
Mental Health | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2010Cost-Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Cluster B Personality Disorders
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, presents a probabilistic Markov cohort model …
This article, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, presents a probabilistic Markov cohort model that compares the cost-effectiveness of three treatment strategies (outpatient, day-hospital and inpatient psychotherapy) for patients with cluster B personality disorders. Patient-level data is used to populate the model and the analyses are conducted from the societal and payer perspectives. From the societal perspective, the findings show that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of day hospital psychotherapy compared to outpatient psychotherapy…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2011Cost-Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Cluster C Personality Disorders
This article, published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, describes a probabilistic Markov cohort model …
This article, published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, describes a probabilistic Markov cohort model that compares the cost-effectiveness of five treatment modalities (long-term outpatient psychotherapy, short-term and long-term day hospital psychotherapy, and short-term and long-term inpatient psychotherapy) for patients with cluster C personality disorders. The analyses are conducted from the societal and payer perspectives. Patient-level data comes from 466 patients with cluster C personality disorders who were admitted to 6 specialist centers of psychotherapy…
Mental Health | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Europe
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