Reducing Air Pollution in India

This case study examines the use of both cost-effectiveness analysis and benefit-cost analysis to address the likely impacts of competing interventions to improve identification of patients with tuberculosis in South Africa. It considers the impacts of different methodological choices for valuing mortality risk reductions and morbidity risk reductions. The results suggest that all combinations of interventions reduced untreated active disease and are likely to result in substantial gains compared to existing interventions.  

This paper offers guidance on the analysis of project impacts over time so that they can be discounted appropriately in cost-effectiveness or benefit-cost analysis. The quantification and conversion of the time streams of different effects into their equivalent health, health care cost, or consumption effects, avoids embedding multiple arguments in discounting approaches. It helps identify where parameters are likely to differ, what type of evidence is relevant, what is currently known, and how this evidence…

This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on time spent in the informal sector; i.e., for which no compensation is received. Valuing changes in time use is often a critical element of economic analyses of development projects, which may affect the time spent in activities such as collecting water or traveling to health clinics. The authors find support for a commonly-used benchmark of 50% of…