Resources Repository
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Tutorial/PrimerPublication, Teaching Resource 2023Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) draws together various theories of learning and cognition …
The cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) draws together various theories of learning and cognition and applies them to the process of learning through multimedia instruction. At its core, the theory asserts that people learn more effectively from words and graphics than from words alone. While numerous investigators have contributed to this work, we have found Mayer’s (2009) empirically derived principles of multimedia design to be the most relevant and useful for instructional designers and…
Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Science/Technology | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
Tutorial/PrimerPublication, Teaching Resource 2023Cognitive Load Theory: Learning & Instructional Design
How do we process new information and construct knowledge in our brains? What does “working …
How do we process new information and construct knowledge in our brains? What does “working memory” have to do with learning? What is cognitive load theory and how does it inform the design of learning experiences and educational materials? Cognitive load theory (CLT) is a theory of learning that is based on what we know about how learners process new information in working memory and construct knowledge in long-term memory. In this basic primer, we…
Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Science/Technology | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
Brief/PerspectivePublication, Teaching Resource 2021Using a Visual Tool to Map the Learning Ecosystem
A well-designed course should include a series of learning experiences – leveraging different modalities - …
A well-designed course should include a series of learning experiences – leveraging different modalities - that allow the learning process to extend across time, provide students opportunities to engage in a variety of diverse activities, and scaffolding to achieve learning objectives. Engaging in deliberative process to map the “course ecosystem” promotes thinking about how to create and curate “learning experiences” rather than the traditional “developing a lecture, selecting a reading list, and assigning homework.” The CHDS…
Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
Brief/PerspectivePublication, Teaching Resource 2022Long Enough to Reach the Ground: Video Length in Multimedia
Among the most common questions instructional designers and media producers are asked are, “How important …
Among the most common questions instructional designers and media producers are asked are, “How important is video length, relative to other attributes, in my course design” and “How long should the video be to maximize learning-efficacy?” While there has been some research that provides insights into video length, there are limitations in existing studies that make generalizable recommendations challenging. This short brief looks at two studies to illustrate these challenges and concludes that the current…
Culture/Society | Education/Labor | High School | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Graphics/Visualization | Instructional Design | Pedagogy -
ArticlePublication 2021Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Early Distribution of U.S. COVID-19 Testing Sites and Mortality
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to …
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to provide data that would contribute to understanding transmission. This research explored how these sites were distributed in relation to racial and ethnic demographics and its connection to observed disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. Data from mid-April to late May 2020 revealed that testing sites were not equally distributed among racial groups. Specifically, there was an overrepresentation of testing sites in areas…
Culture/Society | Health Outcomes | Test Performance | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Comparison of Home Antigen Testing With RT-PCR and Viral Culture During the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
As the availability of at-home self-collected antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 increases, understanding their efficacy is …
As the availability of at-home self-collected antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 increases, understanding their efficacy is crucial. A study in San Diego and Denver between January and May 2021 assessed the reliability of these tests against standard RT-PCR tests and viral cultures. Of the 225 participants with confirmed infections, the antigen test sensitivity was found to be 50% during the infectious period, 64% against the same-day RT-PCR, and 84% against the same-day cultures. Sensitivity was highest…
Culture/Society | Test Performance | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2023Benefits and Costs of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations …
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and healthcare and private sector workers. These mandates were controversial and some were halted by litigation. If they had been implemented as intended, the net benefits would depend on the course of the pandemic. If a more transmissible variant (such as Omicron) emerges, the net benefits may be large. If the pandemic instead fades, the benefits…
Economics/Finance | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Novel TB Vaccines: A Modeling Study
A modeling study assessed future costs, cost-savings, and cost-effectiveness of introducing novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines …
A modeling study assessed future costs, cost-savings, and cost-effectiveness of introducing novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for a range of product characteristics and delivery strategies, compared to a ‘no-new-vaccine’ counterfactual. Vaccine scenarios considered two vaccine product profiles (one targeted at infants, one at adolescents/adults), both assumed to prevent progression to active TB. Vaccine introduction was estimated to require substantial near-term resources, offset by future cost-savings from averted TB burden.…
Economics/Finance | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2022Health and Financial Risk Protection Outcomes in Economic Evaluations
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to evaluate health interventions in terms of level and distribution …
Extended cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to evaluate health interventions in terms of level and distribution of health gains and financial risk protection. This information is typically presented in a joint display format. This article develops and applies an algebraic money-metric formulation that incorporates all disaggregated outcomes and finds that ranking of health interventions is sensitive to the decision maker’s aversion to inequality across income groups and that financial risk protection gains are most important to…
Economics/Finance | Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Health/Medicine | Global