Resources Repository
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ReviewPublication 2016Dynamic Transmission Economic Evaluation of Infectious Disease in LMIC
Economic evaluation using dynamic transmission models is important for capturing the indirect effects of infectious …
Economic evaluation using dynamic transmission models is important for capturing the indirect effects of infectious disease interventions. The authors examine the use of these methods in low- and middle-income countries, where infectious diseases constitute a major burden. The review is comprised of two parts: (1) a summary of dynamic transmission economic evaluations across all disease areas published between 2011 and mid-2014 and (2) an in-depth review of mosquito-borne disease studies focusing on health economic methods…
Dynamic Transmission | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2016Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Costing Approaches in LMICs
In the absence of routine cost data collection, estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel …
In the absence of routine cost data collection, estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel technologies in low-income and middle-income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking. Using the example of costing the scale-up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa, the authors estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom-up and top-down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity. The unit costs measured using the…
Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2016Universal Health Coverage as a Pathway to the Sustainable Development Goals
The inclusion of universal health coverage (UHC) as a target in the health Sustainable Development …
The inclusion of universal health coverage (UHC) as a target in the health Sustainable Development Goals speaks to its importance as both a foundational and an end goal for global health. Across the globe, countries are in varying stages of progress toward UHC. To help countries where there is a wide gap between the reality of limited access and the aspirations of universality, the author argues that there must be prioritized investments to progressively realize…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Global Governance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2016Helmet Regulation in Vietnam: Impact on Health, Equity and Medical Impoverishment
This study performed a retrospective extended cost-effectiveness analysis simulation study of Vietnam's 2007 comprehensive motorcycle …
This study performed a retrospective extended cost-effectiveness analysis simulation study of Vietnam's 2007 comprehensive motorcycle helmet policy. Modeling results showed that following its introduction, the helmet policy likely prevented approximately 2,200 deaths and 29,000 head injuries, saved individuals US$18 million in acute care costs and averted US$31 million in income losses. From a societal perspective, such a comprehensive helmet policy would have saved $11 000 per averted death or $830 per averted non-fatal injury.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Injuries/Accidents | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis
This ISPOR task force report provides an introduction to multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) - …
This ISPOR task force report provides an introduction to multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) - it defines MCDA; provides examples of its use in different kinds of decision making in health care (including benefit risk analysis, health technology assessment, resource allocation, portfolio decision analysis, shared patient clinician decision making and prioritizing patients’ access to services); provides an overview of the principal methods of MCDA; and describes the key steps involved. In 2014, ISPOR established an…
Decision Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2016Decision Support for Infectious Disease Control
This report from RAND reviews decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, that are relevant to …
This report from RAND reviews decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, that are relevant to infectious disease prevention, detection, and response and aligns these tools with real-world policy questions that the tools can help address. This overview is designed to help modelers and other technical experts understand the questions that policymakers will raise and the decisions they must make. The report also presents policymakers with the capabilities and limitations of the different tools that may…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Dynamic Simulation | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Military/Defense | Global -
ArticlePublication 2016“Nudges” in Law and Policy
This article describes research on Americans’ preferences for types of “nudges” in the context of …
This article describes research on Americans’ preferences for types of “nudges” in the context of law and public policy—those that target “system 1” thinking, meaning the intuitive, emotion-based mechanisms, such as graphic warnings and default rules, versus those that target “system 2” thinking, the rational, deliberative form of cognition, such as statistical information or education-based messages.
Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Psychology | Preferences/Values | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Government/Law | Health/Medicine -
ReviewPublication 2015Provider Costs for Cardiovascular Disease in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related conditions is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Policy …
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related conditions is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Policy makers need an understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the costs of cardiovascular disease related conditions to make decisions on how to allocate limited health resources. This systematic review of the published literature documents provider-incurred costs of treatment for cardiovascular diseases and risk conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Total costs of treatment were inflated to 2012 US dollars for comparability…
Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Three Interventions That Reduce Childhood Obesity
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. …
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. The authors estimated the cost-effectiveness of seven interventions high on the obesity policy agenda: (1) a sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax, (2) elimination of the tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy food to children, (3) restaurant menu calorie labeling, (4) nutrition standards for school meals, (5) nutrition standards for all other food and beverages sold in schools, (6) improved early care and…
Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America