Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2020Premature Deaths, Statistical Lives, and Years of Life
This article clarifies some misconceptions about mortality risk and economic valuation. The mortality effects of …
This article clarifies some misconceptions about mortality risk and economic valuation. The mortality effects of exposure to environmental hazards such as air pollution are often described by the estimated number of “premature deaths” and the economic value of an exposure reduction as the number of “statistical lives saved” multiplied by the “value per statistical life.” These terms can be misleading because the number of deaths advanced by exposure cannot be determined from mortality data; it…
Environmental Health | Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | College | Graduate | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2018Poverty Reduction & Equity Benefits of Measles, Rotavirus and Pneumococcal Vaccines in LMICs
This study uses the extended cost effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate the impact of immunization …
This study uses the extended cost effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to evaluate the impact of immunization against measles, severe pneumococcal disease and severe rotavirus for birth cohorts vaccinated over 2016–2030 for three scenarios in 41 Gavi-eligible countries: no immunization, current immunization coverage forecasts and the current immunization coverage enhanced with funding support. Following the distribution of the cases by socioeconomic group, the study found that the number of catastrophic health costs (CHC) cases attributable to measles,…
Child/Nutrition | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2019Impact of a Tax on Sweetened Beverages in the Philippines: an ECEA
This study used extended cost-effectiveness analyses to estimate the effect of the sweetened beverages tax …
This study used extended cost-effectiveness analyses to estimate the effect of the sweetened beverages tax in the Philippines on the numbers of premature deaths averted attributed to type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease and stroke, across income quintiles over the period 2018-2037. The study also estimated the financial benefits of the tax from reductions in out-of-pocket payments, direct medical costs averted, and government health-care cost savings. The analysis showed that the tax could avert…
Child/Nutrition | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2019CEA of Maternal and Neonatal Health Interventions
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, examines the cost-effectiveness of several maternal and …
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, examines the cost-effectiveness of several maternal and neonatal health (MNH) interventions in an Ethiopian setting. The authors employ a static life table model to estimate the health impact of a 20% increase in intervention coverage relative to baseline. The results indicate that many MNH interventions are highly cost-effective. This evidence can be useful to inform the ongoing essential health services package revision in Ethiopia.
Child/Nutrition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2018Equity Impact Vaccines May Have on Averting Deaths and Medical Impoverishment
In this analysis, authors estimated the number of deaths averted and the number of cases …
In this analysis, authors estimated the number of deaths averted and the number of cases of medical impoverishment averted of ten antigens and their corresponding vaccines across income quintiles for forty-one low- and middle-income countries. The study found that vaccines administered between 2016 and 2030 would prevent 36 million deaths. Vaccines will have the greatest impact on reducing cases of poverty caused by hepatitis B, helping an estimated 14 million people avoid medical impoverishment. An…
Child/Nutrition | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2017Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program in Zambia
This article, published in Trials, outlines a protocol for a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and an …
This article, published in Trials, outlines a protocol for a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) of a comprehensive adolescent pregnancy prevention program in Zambia. The study will be conducted alongside a cluster-randomized controlled trial, which tests the hypothesis that economic support with or without community dialogue is an effective strategy for reducing adolescent childbearing rates. The ECEA will estimate the costs of the intervention packages per unit health and non-health gain…
Child/Nutrition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2017Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood
The authors developed a simulation model to estimate the risk of adult obesity at the age …
The authors developed a simulation model to estimate the risk of adult obesity at the age of 35 years for the current population of children in the United States. They used pooled height and weight data from five nationally representative longitudinal studies totaling 176,720 observations from 41,567 children and adults to simulate growth trajectories across the life course adjusted for secular trends. Using 1,000 virtual populations of 1 million children through the age of 19 years, representative of the…
Child/Nutrition | Health Outcomes | Microsimulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost Determinants of Routine Infant Immunization Services
The EPIC study collected data on routine infant immunization costs from Benin, Ghana, Honduras, Moldova, …
The EPIC study collected data on routine infant immunization costs from Benin, Ghana, Honduras, Moldova, Uganda, Zambia, using a standardized approach. The authors estimated how costs were distributed across budget categories and programmatic activities, and investigated how the cost structure of immunization sites varied by country and site characteristics. For each country, the economic costs of infant immunization were estimated by administrative level, budget category, and programmatic activity from a program perspective. Regression models were…
Child/Nutrition | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2017Estimated Economic Impact of Vaccinations in 73 LMIC, 2001-2020
This analysis estimates the economic impact likely to be achieved by efforts to vaccinate against 10 …
This analysis estimates the economic impact likely to be achieved by efforts to vaccinate against 10 vaccine-preventable diseases between 2001 and 2020 in 73 low- and middle-income countries largely supported by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. The authors used health impact models to estimate the economic impact of achieving forecasted coverages for vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, rotavirus, rubella, Streptococcus pneumoniae and yellow fever. In…
Child/Nutrition | Health Outcomes | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific