Resources Repository
-
ArticlePublication 2016Maternal-Related Deaths and Impoverishment among Adolescent Girls in India and Niger
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among …
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls across socioeconomic groups in Niger and India, which have the largest fertility rate, and number of maternal deaths, respectively. Results showed that in Niger and India, the poorer adolescents had a larger number of maternal deaths compared to the richer. Impoverishment occurred mostly among the richer adolescents in Niger and among the poorer adolescents in India. Increasing educational…
Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Education/Labor | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Broader Economic Impact of Vaccination: Reviewing and Appraising the Strength of Evidence
Economic evaluations of public health programs such as immunization often consider only direct health benefits and …
Economic evaluations of public health programs such as immunization often consider only direct health benefits and medical cost savings. Evidence linking immunization to important benefits in indicators such as childhood development, household behavior, and other macro-economic data are unclear. A conceptual framework of the pathways between immunization and these broader economic benefits was developed through expert consultation. The authors obtained articles from previous reviews, snowballing, and expert consultation, and associated them with one of the pathways and assessed them using modified Grading…
Preferences/Values | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine | Education/Labor | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2022Vaccinations versus Lockdowns to Prevent COVID-19 Mortality
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly …
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly available datasets from the Israeli Ministry of Health were used to model the parameters of the pandemic in Israel. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker was used for quantitative data on government policies. Data on the Israeli economy were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The models demonstrate that the first lockdown prevented 1022 COVID-19 deaths at the cost…
Decision Analysis | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Decision Theory | State-Transition | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Middle East & North Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015A Conceptual Model for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process …
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process in detail across different organ sites. This limits the ability of medical and public health professionals to develop and evaluate coordinated screening programs that apply resources and population management strategies available for one cancer site to other sites. This paper presents a conceptual model that incorporates a single screening episode for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers into a unified framework based…
Preferences/Values | Test Performance | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Evidence Synthesis | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2007Decision Analysis: A Personal Account of How It Got Started and Evolved
In this chapter, Howard Raiffa discusses the evolution of decision analysis and his personal involvement …
In this chapter, Howard Raiffa discusses the evolution of decision analysis and his personal involvement in its development. He describes the early days of Operations Research (OR) in the late 1940s with its approach to complex, strategic decision making. After reading John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern’s Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1947) and Abraham Wald’s two books (1947, 1950), he became involved in statistical decision theory. A few years later, after reading Leonard…
Preferences/Values | Operations Research | Decision Analysis | Health/Medicine | Decision Theory | Probability/Bayes | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Energy/Engineering -
ArticlePublication 2013Modeling the Effectiveness of Initial Management Strategies for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ
This paper compares alternative strategies to manage ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The authors used …
This paper compares alternative strategies to manage ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The authors used a disease simulation model to simulate the clinical events after six treatments (lumpectomy alone, lumpectomy with radiation, lumpectomy with radiation and tamoxifen, lumpectomy with tamoxifen, and mastectomy with and without breast reconstruction). Outcomes included disease-free, invasive disease-free, overall survival and breast preservation. Data were from the published literature. The results showed that for women aged 45 years at diagnosis, both mastectomy…
Decision Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Clinical Care -
ArticlePublication 2023Catalogues of EQ-5D-3L Health-Related Quality of Life Scores for 199 Chronic Conditions and Health Risks for Use in the UK & the U.S.
This study aimed to create UK and US EQ-5D-3L-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utility …
This study aimed to create UK and US EQ-5D-3L-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utility population catalogues for 199 chronic conditions using ICD-10 codes and health risks. It also sought to develop regression models to predict these utilities in other populations. Methods involved applying UK and US EQ-5D-3L value sets to responses from a Danish dataset, which combined national health survey data with national registers containing patient information on diagnoses, healthcare activities, and socio-demographics. Adjusted…
Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2023Alternative Measure of Health for Value Assessment: Equal Value Life-Year
This study examines the equal value life-year (evLY) as an alternative or complementary measure to …
This study examines the equal value life-year (evLY) as an alternative or complementary measure to the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) in cost-effectiveness analyses. The QALY is criticized for undervaluing treatments that extend the life of individuals with chronic disabilities. The evLY addresses this by assigning equal value to life-years, regardless of health status. Methods included presenting the conceptual rationale for the evLY, explaining its estimation, and comparing results from evLY-based analyses to QALY-based analyses. The study…
Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2008Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Point-of-Care Prenatal Syphilis Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa
This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of using rapid point-of-care tests for prenatal syphilis screening among …
This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of using rapid point-of-care tests for prenatal syphilis screening among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with syphilis prevalence rates as high as 17%, and where traditional multi-test screening methods have been challenging to implement. Focusing on newly available rapid point-of-care screening tests, strategies differed by the initial test [rapid plasma reagin (RPR), immunochromographic strip (ICS)], need for confirmation with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, and number of visits required.…
Test Performance | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Infectious Diseases | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Clinical Care | Sub-Saharan Africa