Resources Repository
-
Working PaperPublication 2024Economic Evaluation Primer
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence …
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence needed to support sound policy decisions. In low- and middle-income countries, where resources are especially scarce and needs are very great, such decisions are exceptionally difficult. In these settings, economic evaluation can be particularly useful in determining how to best improve health and welfare. Typically, cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used to prioritize interventions within the health care sector. This approach…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Global -
GuidelinesWeb Portal 2017iDSI Reference Case for Economic Evaluation
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and …
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and reporting of health economic evaluations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The International Decision Support Group (iDSI) is a network of health, policy and economic experts. It builds on the approaches of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP) in Thailand and the World Health Organization. iDSI…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Global -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Estimating Health-State Utility for Economic Models: ISPOR Task Force Report
Cost-utility models are increasingly used in many countries to establish whether the cost of a …
Cost-utility models are increasingly used in many countries to establish whether the cost of a new intervention can be justified in terms of health benefits. Health-state utility (HSU) estimates (the preference for a given state of health on a cardinal scale where 0 represents dead and 1 represents full health) are typically among the most important and uncertain data inputs in cost-utility models. Clinical trials represent an important opportunity for the collection of health-utility data.…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Preferences/Values | Mathematical Models | Technology Assessment | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America | Europe -
GuidelinesPublication 2013Economic Analyses to Support Decisions about HPV Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Consensus Report and Guide
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability …
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, many such countries lack the technical capacity and data to conduct their own analyses. This report describes the consensus of an expert group convened by the World Health Organization, prioritizing key issues to be addressed when considering economic analyses to support HPV vaccine introduction in these countries. The expert group…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
BriefPublication 2019Brief: Safe Routes to School (SRTS) in Houston, Texas
This brief summarizes findings from the CHOICES Learning Collaborative Partnership simulation model of implementing Safe …
This brief summarizes findings from the CHOICES Learning Collaborative Partnership simulation model of implementing Safe Routes to School (SRTS) initiatives in elementary and middle schools in the Houston Independent School District. SRTS aims to help children safely walk and bicycle to school through infrastructure improvements, education, and promotional activities. The analysis compared the costs and outcomes over a 10-year time horizon (2017-2027) of implementing SRTS in Houston with the costs and outcomes associated with not…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | North America -
BriefPublication 2020Brief: Active Physical Education (PE) in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
This brief summarizes findings from the CHOICES Learning Collaborative Partnership simulation model of implementing an …
This brief summarizes findings from the CHOICES Learning Collaborative Partnership simulation model of implementing an Active Physical Education (PE) program in school districts participating in the Live Well Allegheny initiative in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Live Well Allegheny Schools will commit that 50% of PE class time be dedicated to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. This analysis compared the costs and outcomes of the implementation of the Active PE program in designated school districts over a 10-year time horizon with the costs…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | North America -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Health Outcomes | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Decision Models in Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) develops evidence-based recommendations about preventive care based on …
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) develops evidence-based recommendations about preventive care based on comprehensive systematic reviews of the best available evidence. Decision models provide a complementary, quantitative approach to support the USPSTF as it deliberates about the evidence and develops recommendations for clinical and policy use. This article describes the rationale for using modeling, an approach to selecting topics for modeling, and how modeling may inform recommendations about clinical preventive services.
Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Decision Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | North America -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine
This article provides an overview of the main recommendations of the 2016 Second Panel on …
This article provides an overview of the main recommendations of the 2016 Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. In 1993, the U.S. Public Health Service convened the first panel of experts to review the state of cost-effectiveness analysis and to develop guidelines for its use in health, to improve quality and promote comparability. Scientists and scholars in economics, clinical medicine, ethics, and statistics met to share expertise and develop recommendations by consensus. The…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine | North America