Resources Repository
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ReviewPublication 2016Decision Support for Infectious Disease Control
This report from RAND reviews decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, that are relevant to …
This report from RAND reviews decision-support tools, including models and nonmodeling approaches, that are relevant to infectious disease prevention, detection, and response and aligns these tools with real-world policy questions that the tools can help address. This overview is designed to help modelers and other technical experts understand the questions that policymakers will raise and the decisions they must make. The report also presents policymakers with the capabilities and limitations of the different tools that may…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Dynamic Simulation | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Military/Defense | Global -
ReviewPublication 2016Review: CEA for Maternal, Newborn, Child Health
This chapter summarizes the findings of a systematic search of the cost-effectiveness literature on interventions …
This chapter summarizes the findings of a systematic search of the cost-effectiveness literature on interventions to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health. Interventions for newborn health, treatment of febrile illness, immunization against preventable diseases, and micronutrient interventions remain among the most cost-effective and affordable. Other studies explore how to provide existing interventions using new platforms to increase outreach or decrease cost per person covered, or both. Interventions provided in the community may achieve both purposes to…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | Global -
ReviewPublication 2015Provider Costs for Cardiovascular Disease in Low-And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related conditions is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Policy …
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related conditions is increasing in low- and middle-income countries. Policy makers need an understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the costs of cardiovascular disease related conditions to make decisions on how to allocate limited health resources. This systematic review of the published literature documents provider-incurred costs of treatment for cardiovascular diseases and risk conditions in low- and middle-income countries. Total costs of treatment were inflated to 2012 US dollars for comparability…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
ReviewPublication 2015Decision-Analytic Modeling Studies of Multiple Myeloma
This review provides an overview of decision-analytic models evaluating different treatment strategies for multiple myeloma …
This review provides an overview of decision-analytic models evaluating different treatment strategies for multiple myeloma and is based on a systematic literature search to identify studies evaluating treatment strategies using mathematical decision-analytic models. Studies were included that assessed relevant clinical endpoints, and summarized methodological characteristics (e.g., modeling approaches, simulation techniques, health outcomes, perspectives). Eleven decision-analytic modeling studies met inclusion criteria. Five different modeling approaches were adopted: decision-tree modeling, Markov state-transition modeling, discrete event simulation, partitioned-survival analysis and…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Dynamic Simulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine -
ReportPublication 2015Returns on HTA Funded Research
This report from the RAND Corporation dissects the impact of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) …
This report from the RAND Corporation dissects the impact of the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) program in making quality research accessible and cost-effective. The authors conduct an economic analysis to illustrate benefits of new interventions in two ways: through improved health, measured in QALYs, and through showing that the intervention allows for the same health outcome and a lower cost. The report utilizes economic analyses and case studies to make recommendations. These recommendations include considering…
Evidence Synthesis | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Europe -
ReviewPublication 2015Agent-Based Models and Microsimulation
This article reviews the principles and applications of agent-based models (ABMs). ABMs are computational models …
This article reviews the principles and applications of agent-based models (ABMs). ABMs are computational models used to simulate the actions and interactions of “agents” within a system. Usually, each agent has a set of rules for how he or she responds to the environment and to other agents. These models are used to gain insight into the emergent behavior of complex systems with many agents, in which the emergent behavior depends upon the micro-level behavior…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Dynamic Simulation | Energy/Engineering | Health/Medicine | Military/Defense | Science/Technology -
ReviewPublication 2014Valuing Vaccination
Vaccination has led to remarkable health gains over the last century. However, large coverage gaps …
Vaccination has led to remarkable health gains over the last century. However, large coverage gaps remain, which will require significant financial resources and political will to address. In recent years, a compelling line of inquiry has established the economic benefits of health, at both the individual and aggregate levels. Most existing economic evaluations of particular health interventions fail to account for this new research, leading to potentially sizable undervaluation of those interventions. In line with…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ReportPublication 2014Redirecting Innovation in U.S. Health Care
This report from RAND Health explores methods of reducing health care spending and developing medical …
This report from RAND Health explores methods of reducing health care spending and developing medical products that provide cost value with health benefits. It summarizes literature and explores case studies to provide policy recommendations to meet these goals. It identifies a wide range of factors that affect the costs, risks, and rewards of medical product invention. Some of these features include treatment creep, the medical arms race, costs and risks of FDA approval, limited reward…
Evidence Synthesis | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ReviewPublication 2014Markov Modeling & Discrete Event Simulation in Health Care: Systematic Comparison
This review assesses whether the use of Markov modeling (MM) or discrete event simulation (DES) …
This review assesses whether the use of Markov modeling (MM) or discrete event simulation (DES) for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) may alter healthcare resource allocation decisions. A systematic literature search and review of empirical and non-empirical studies comparing MM and DES techniques used in the CEA of healthcare technologies was conducted. The primary advantages described for DES over MM were the ability to model queuing for limited resources, capture individual patient histories, accommodate complexity and uncertainty,…
Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine