Resources Repository
-
ReviewPublication 2001Modeling for Health Care and Other Policy Decisions: Uses, Roles and Validity
This is a review article of the role of modeling approaches to guide decision making …
This is a review article of the role of modeling approaches to guide decision making in health care and other domains. The role of models to support recommendations on the cost-effective use of medical technologies and pharmaceuticals is controversial. At the heart of the controversy is the degree to which experimental or other empirical evidence should be required prior to model use. The authors argue that the controversy stems in part from a misconception that…
Mathematical Models | Technology Assessment | Energy/Engineering | Health/Medicine | North America | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Government/Law -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Prescribing for Managing Hypertension
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control …
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control in the US. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model based on the pharmacist-prescribing intervention used in The Alberta Clinical Trial in Optimizing Hypertension (or RxACTION). Outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage kidney disease events, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs were based on reimbursement rates, published literature, national…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | North America | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care -
ReviewPublication 2023Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies of Newer Non-Insulin Antidiabetic Drugs: Trends in Decision-Analytical Models for Modelling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
This systematic review analyzed cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) using decision-analytical modeling (DAM) to compare non-insulin antidiabetic …
This systematic review analyzed cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) using decision-analytical modeling (DAM) to compare non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (NIADs) within glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study focused on economic results and underlying methodological choices. Methods included searching PubMed, Embase, and Econlit databases from January 1, 2018, to November 15, 2022. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for relevance…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | Europe | Evidence Synthesis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk -
ArticlePublication 2023Evaluation of Diversity of Clinical Trials Informing Health Technology Assessments in the United States: A 5-Year Analysis of Institute for Clinical and Economic Review Assessments
The study assessed the diversity of clinical trials informing assessments by the Institute for Clinical …
The study assessed the diversity of clinical trials informing assessments by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) over five years (2017-2021). It conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 208 pivotal trials across 31 conditions. Findings revealed inadequate representation of racial/ethnic minorities and older adults, with Blacks/African Americans, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Hispanics/Latinos being notably underrepresented. Whites, Asians, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders were adequately represented. US-based trials better represented Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos but…
Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine | North America | Evidence Synthesis -
ArticlePublication 2023Evolving Nature of Health Technology Assessment: A Critical Appraisal of NICE's New Methods Manual
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its Health Technology Evaluation manual …
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its Health Technology Evaluation manual in 2022, merging processes from all 4 Health Technology Evaluation programs into a single document. Key changes include introducing a new disease severity modifier while maintaining existing methods on health inequality, discounting, unrelated healthcare costs, and value of information. Changes were categorized by importance, with most being modest updates or clarifications aligning with existing principles. The methods involved a 2-stage…
Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2022Estimated Transmission Outcomes and Costs of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Testing, Screening, and Surveillance Strategies Among a Simulated Population of Primary School Students
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic's significant educational disruptions, the U.S. government allocated $10 …
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic's significant educational disruptions, the U.S. government allocated $10 billion in March 2021 for testing in schools. The study aimed to analyze the costs and benefits of different COVID-19 testing strategies, particularly focusing on full-time, in-person elementary and middle school education. Utilizing an updated agent-based network model, the study simulated transmission scenarios in schools, considering various testing strategies ranging from diagnostic testing (test-to-stay) to reduce symptom-based isolations, routine screening…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | North America | Test Performance | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2022Modeling the Effectiveness of Healthcare Personnel Reactive Testing and Screening for the SARS-Cov-2 Omicron Variant within Nursing Homes
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to exhibit faster clearance (time from peak …
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to exhibit faster clearance (time from peak viral concentration to clearance of acute infection), may be less detectable by antigen tests (decreased sensitivity), and may be more likely to evade immunity conferred by past infection or vaccination) compared to prior variants. This calls for a reassessment of strategies to prevent its spread, especially in vulnerable settings like nursing homes. Using a model that tracks viral shedding patterns,…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | North America | Test Performance | Infectious Diseases -
ArticlePublication 2023Achieving the Cancer Moonshot Goal
The Cancer Moonshot seeks to reduce age-standardized cancer mortality rates by at least 50% over …
The Cancer Moonshot seeks to reduce age-standardized cancer mortality rates by at least 50% over the next 25 years. This article estimates trends in U.S. cancer mortality for all cancers and the six leading types and reviews opportunities to prevent, detect, and treat these common cancers.
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | North America | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Clinical Care -
ArticlePublication 2023Benefits and Costs of COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations …
Written mid-pandemic, this article evaluates the direct costs and health benefits of requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and healthcare and private sector workers. These mandates were controversial and some were halted by litigation. If they had been implemented as intended, the net benefits would depend on the course of the pandemic. If a more transmissible variant (such as Omicron) emerges, the net benefits may be large. If the pandemic instead fades, the benefits…
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | North America | State-Transition | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law