Resources Repository
-
ArticlePublication 2015A Conceptual Model for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process …
General frameworks of the cancer screening process are available, but none directly compare the process in detail across different organ sites. This limits the ability of medical and public health professionals to develop and evaluate coordinated screening programs that apply resources and population management strategies available for one cancer site to other sites. This paper presents a conceptual model that incorporates a single screening episode for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers into a unified framework based…
Preferences/Values | Test Performance | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Evidence Synthesis | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Catalogues of EQ-5D-3L Health-Related Quality of Life Scores for 199 Chronic Conditions and Health Risks for Use in the UK & the U.S.
This study aimed to create UK and US EQ-5D-3L-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utility …
This study aimed to create UK and US EQ-5D-3L-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utility population catalogues for 199 chronic conditions using ICD-10 codes and health risks. It also sought to develop regression models to predict these utilities in other populations. Methods involved applying UK and US EQ-5D-3L value sets to responses from a Danish dataset, which combined national health survey data with national registers containing patient information on diagnoses, healthcare activities, and socio-demographics. Adjusted…
Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2023Alternative Measure of Health for Value Assessment: Equal Value Life-Year
This study examines the equal value life-year (evLY) as an alternative or complementary measure to …
This study examines the equal value life-year (evLY) as an alternative or complementary measure to the quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) in cost-effectiveness analyses. The QALY is criticized for undervaluing treatments that extend the life of individuals with chronic disabilities. The evLY addresses this by assigning equal value to life-years, regardless of health status. Methods included presenting the conceptual rationale for the evLY, explaining its estimation, and comparing results from evLY-based analyses to QALY-based analyses. The study…
Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -
ReviewPublication 2021Review of Web-Based Tools for Value-of-Information Analysis
Value-of-information analysis (VOI) is an analytic approach used to inform research priorities, guide clinical trial …
Value-of-information analysis (VOI) is an analytic approach used to inform research priorities, guide clinical trial design, and provide information for decisions about reimbursement. The authors review existing web-based tools to facilitate VOI calculations. These include Sheffield Accelerated Value of Information (SAVI), the web interface to the BCEA (Bayesian Cost-Effectiveness Analysis) R package (BCEAweb), Rapid Assessment of Need for Evidence (RANE), and Value of Information for Cardiovascular Trials and Other Comparative Research (VICTOR).
Decision Theory | Value of Information | Health/Medicine | Priority Setting/Ethics | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2021Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Early Distribution of U.S. COVID-19 Testing Sites and Mortality
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to …
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to provide data that would contribute to understanding transmission. This research explored how these sites were distributed in relation to racial and ethnic demographics and its connection to observed disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. Data from mid-April to late May 2020 revealed that testing sites were not equally distributed among racial groups. Specifically, there was an overrepresentation of testing sites in areas…
Test Performance | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Vaccinations versus Lockdowns to Prevent COVID-19 Mortality
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly …
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly available datasets from the Israeli Ministry of Health were used to model the parameters of the pandemic in Israel. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker was used for quantitative data on government policies. Data on the Israeli economy were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The models demonstrate that the first lockdown prevented 1022 COVID-19 deaths at the cost…
Decision Theory | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Costing Methods | State-Transition | Decision Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Middle East & North Africa -
ArticlePublication 2021Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media: Principles and Attributes
Social media is widely used as a source of health information for the general public. …
Social media is widely used as a source of health information for the general public. The potential for information shared through social media to influence health outcomes necessitates action by social media platforms to enhance access and exposure to high-quality, science-based information. This paper summarizes the work of an independent advisory group convened by the National Academy of Medicine that deliberated and gathered information to develop a set of initial principles and attributes that could…
Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Education/Labor | Decision Psychology | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2021COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Five C's to Tackle Behavioral and Sociodemographic Factors
Reversing and mitigating the ongoing damage associated with the COVID-19 pandemic requires that 60-70% of …
Reversing and mitigating the ongoing damage associated with the COVID-19 pandemic requires that 60-70% of the world’s population needs to be vaccinated. This article acknowledges that hesitancy is one of the most substantial hurdles to vaccination uptake at levels that would achieve herd immunity. Authors define hesitancy as “a delay in acceptance or refusal despite availability.” Five factors are proposed to tackle vaccine hesitancy, referred to as the five “C’s”: Confidence (importance, safety and efficacy…
Preferences/Values | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Decision Psychology | Evidence Synthesis | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | North America -
ReviewPublication 2021European News Consumers' Perceptions of Misinformation
This study indicated that news users across ten different European countries are quite concerned about …
This study indicated that news users across ten different European countries are quite concerned about misinformation in their information environment. Respondents were most likely to associate politicians, corporations, and foreign actors with misinformation. They perceived misinformation to be most common for topics like immigration, the economy, and the environment. This offered support for the increasingly more relative and politicized status of facts in people’s credibility perceptions. Yet, differences across sources and issues were relatively modest,…
Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Education/Labor | Decision Psychology | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | Europe