Resources Repository
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Working PaperPublication 2024Economic Evaluation Primer
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence …
Economic evaluation is a powerful tool, encouraging the systematic collection and assessment of the evidence needed to support sound policy decisions. In low- and middle-income countries, where resources are especially scarce and needs are very great, such decisions are exceptionally difficult. In these settings, economic evaluation can be particularly useful in determining how to best improve health and welfare. Typically, cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used to prioritize interventions within the health care sector. This approach…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Prescribing for Managing Hypertension
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control …
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control in the US. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model based on the pharmacist-prescribing intervention used in The Alberta Clinical Trial in Optimizing Hypertension (or RxACTION). Outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage kidney disease events, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs were based on reimbursement rates, published literature, national…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Intensive vs. Standard Blood Pressure Control Among Older Patients
This economic analysis explored the cost-effectiveness of intensive vs standard blood pressure control in older …
This economic analysis explored the cost-effectiveness of intensive vs standard blood pressure control in older hypertensive patients between 60 and 80 years in China, the US, and the UK. Treatment outcome data from the Trial of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Older Patients with Hypertension (STEP trial) and different cardiovascular risk assessment models for a hypothetical cohort of STEP-eligible patients were used. Costs and utilities were obtained from published sources. A Markov model was used to…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Mathematical Models | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care -
ReviewPublication 2023Adaptive Health Technology Assessment: A Scoping Review of Methods
This study explores adaptive health technology assessment (aHTA) as an expedited alternative to full HTA, …
This study explores adaptive health technology assessment (aHTA) as an expedited alternative to full HTA, aiming to support universal health coverage by leveraging HTA evidence from other settings. The scoping review identified and mapped existing aHTA methods, examining their triggers, strengths, and weaknesses. Methods included searching HTA agencies' and networks' websites, and published literature, with findings narratively synthesized. The review found aHTA methods in 20 countries and one HTA network across the Americas, Europe, Africa,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Priority Setting/Ethics | Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Context-Specific Estimation of Future Unrelated Medical Costs and Their Impact on CEAs
This study developed and applied methods to estimate unrelated future medical costs (UFMC) for women …
This study developed and applied methods to estimate unrelated future medical costs (UFMC) for women with breast cancer in Israel and evaluated the impact of including UFMC in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs). Methods included a retrospective cohort study using 14 years of patient-level claims data from breast cancer patients and matched controls. UFMC were estimated through (a) the annual average all-cause healthcare costs of control subjects, and (b) predicted values from a generalized linear model (GLM)…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Middle East & North Africa | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness and Long-Term Savings of the Bright Bodies Intervention for Childhood Obesity
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of Bright Bodies, a family-based pediatric weight management intervention, using …
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of Bright Bodies, a family-based pediatric weight management intervention, using a microsimulation model projecting 10-year BMI trajectories of children with obesity. Data from a randomized controlled trial and follow-up study inform the model, which estimates the intervention's effect on BMI reduction and incremental costs compared to clinical control. Results indicate that Bright Bodies reduces BMI by 1.67 kg/m2 per year over 10 years, with an incremental cost of $360 per…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Microsimulation | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023New Type 2 Diabetes Microsimulation Model to Estimate Long-Term Health Outcomes, Costs, Cost-Effectiveness
This study presents a microsimulation model designed to estimate the health effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness …
This study presents a microsimulation model designed to estimate the health effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of interventions for type 2 diabetes in the United States. Unlike existing models that rely on UK data, this model incorporates newly derived risk equations based on US studies, enhancing its applicability to the US context. The model features a highly modular architecture allowing for easy addition of new modules and interventions, facilitating policy decision-making. Internal validation showed good performance,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Microsimulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Evaluation of Diversity of Clinical Trials Informing Health Technology Assessments in the United States: A 5-Year Analysis of Institute for Clinical and Economic Review Assessments
The study assessed the diversity of clinical trials informing assessments by the Institute for Clinical …
The study assessed the diversity of clinical trials informing assessments by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) over five years (2017-2021). It conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 208 pivotal trials across 31 conditions. Findings revealed inadequate representation of racial/ethnic minorities and older adults, with Blacks/African Americans, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Hispanics/Latinos being notably underrepresented. Whites, Asians, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanders were adequately represented. US-based trials better represented Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos but…
Evidence Synthesis | North America | Technology Assessment | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Estimating the US Baseline Distribution of Health Inequalities Across Race, Ethnicity, Geography for Equity-Informative CEA
This study addresses disparities in health outcomes among racial and ethnic groups in the United …
This study addresses disparities in health outcomes among racial and ethnic groups in the United States using Bayesian models to handle suppressed mortality data. By linking multiple US data sets, it demonstrates significant variations in life expectancy, disability-free life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life expectancy based on race, ethnicity, and geographic location. Results show that disparities persist and widen with age, especially between the best-off and worst-off subgroups in socially vulnerable counties. Life expectancy, disability-free life…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Health Outcomes | Social Determinants | Health/Medicine