Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2022Comparative Health Systems Analysis of Differences in Catastrophic Health Expenditure
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications …
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications for health system performance in the area of financial risk protection, as measured by catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). This article compares non-communicable diseases catastrophic health expenditure to the CHE cases caused by communicable diseases across health systems to examine whether: (1) disease burden and catastrophic health expenditure are linked, (2) Catastrophic health expenditures secondary to NCDs disproportionately affect wealthier households and (3) whether the drivers…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Achieving a 'Grand Convergence' in Global Health
The Commission on Investing in Health published its report, GlobalHealth2035, in 2013, estimating an investment …
The Commission on Investing in Health published its report, GlobalHealth2035, in 2013, estimating an investment case for a grand convergence in health outcomes globally. In support of the drafting of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper presents estimates of what the grand convergence investment case might achieve—and what investment would be required—by 2030. The authors start with a country-based (bottom-up) analysis of the costs and impact of…!--?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /-->
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2023Simulation-Based Estimates and Projections of Global, Regional and Country-Level Maternal Mortality by Cause, 1990-2050
While progress has been made globally to reduce maternal deaths, measurement remains a challenge given …
While progress has been made globally to reduce maternal deaths, measurement remains a challenge given the many causes and frequent underreporting of maternal deaths. The authors developed a structural microsimulation model of Global Maternal Health (GMatH) for 200 countries and territories using demographic, epidemiologic, clinical and health system data synthesized from the medical literature, Civil Registration Vital Statistics systems and Demographic and Health Survey data. The model was calibrated to empirical data from 1990 to…
Global | Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness of Testing and Treatment for Latent TB
Testing for and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is among the main strategies to achieve …
Testing for and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is among the main strategies to achieve TB elimination in the United States. This analysis estimated health outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of LTBI testing and treatment among non-US born residents with and without medical comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, HIV infection, and end-stage renal disease). A decision analytic tree and Markov cohort simulation model was used to compare the following strategies: no testing, tuberculin skin test (TST), interferon gamma release assay…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Test Performance | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017When Cost-Effective Interventions Are Unaffordable
Many health interventions deemed cost-effective are not affordable. Despite the importance of affordability to policymakers, …
Many health interventions deemed cost-effective are not affordable. Despite the importance of affordability to policymakers, little of the cost-effectiveness literature in global health addresses this issue. Budget impact analysis (BIA) describes an intervention's short-term costs and savings from the payer's perspective. This paper assesses the current use of budget impact analysis (BIA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in health economic assessments conducted for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors recommend steps researchers and policymakers can…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2016Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Key Messages from DCP3
As part of the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition, the World Bank has published a …
As part of the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition, the World Bank has published a volume on Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health that identifies essential cost-effective health interventions that can be scaled-up now to reduce maternal, newborn and child deaths, and stillbirths. This article summarizes the key findings and estimates the impact and cost of expanded implementation of these interventions. Scaling up all preventive and therapeutic health interventions in these integrated packages from current…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Costing Methods | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2016Essential Package of Cancer Control: Costs, Affordability, and Feasibility of an Essential Package of Cancer Control Interventions in LMIC Countries
Investments in cancer control-prevention, detection, diagnosis, surgery, palliative care-are needed in low-income and particularly in …
Investments in cancer control-prevention, detection, diagnosis, surgery, palliative care-are needed in low-income and particularly in middle-income countries, where most of the world's cancer deaths occur without treatment or palliation. To help countries expand locally appropriate services, Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition developed an essential package of potentially cost-effective measures for countries to consider and adapt. Interventions included in the package are: prevention of tobacco-related cancer and virus-related liver and cervical cancers; diagnosis and treatment of…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2016Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Costing Approaches in LMICs
In the absence of routine cost data collection, estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel …
In the absence of routine cost data collection, estimating the incremental costs of scaling-up novel technologies in low-income and middle-income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking. Using the example of costing the scale-up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa, the authors estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom-up and top-down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity. The unit costs measured using the…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost-Effectiveness of Female HPV Vaccination in 179 Countries: A PRIME Modelling Study
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), …
The authors present a simple generic model, Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME), used to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality. The PRIME models incidence according to proposed vaccine efficacy against HPV 16/18, vaccine coverage, cervical cancer incidence and mortality, and HPV type distribution. It assumes lifelong vaccine protection and no changes to other screening programs…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Health Systems | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Calibration/Validation | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific