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ArticlePublication 2016Estimating the Cost-Effectiveness of Implementation: Is Sufficient Evidence Available?
Timely implementation of recommended interventions can provide health benefits to patients and cost savings to …
Timely implementation of recommended interventions can provide health benefits to patients and cost savings to the health service provider. Effective approaches to increase the implementation of guidance are needed. Since investment in activities that improve implementation competes for funding against other health generating interventions, it should be assessed in term of its costs and benefits. In 2010, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence released a clinical guideline recommending natriuretic peptide (NP) testing in…
Operations Research | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Europe | Health Systems | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance -
ArticlePublication 2016Maternal-Related Deaths and Impoverishment among Adolescent Girls in India and Niger
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among …
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls across socioeconomic groups in Niger and India, which have the largest fertility rate, and number of maternal deaths, respectively. Results showed that in Niger and India, the poorer adolescents had a larger number of maternal deaths compared to the richer. Impoverishment occurred mostly among the richer adolescents in Niger and among the poorer adolescents in India. Increasing educational…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Education/Labor | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2015Universal Public Finance of Tuberculosis Treatment in India: An Extended CEA
This paper evaluates the consequences of universal public finance (UPF) for tuberculosis treatment in India …
This paper evaluates the consequences of universal public finance (UPF) for tuberculosis treatment in India using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). The authors evaluated the impact of UPF on health gains, financial consequences, and catastrophic health expenditures, and concluded that the health gains and insurance value of UPF would accrue mostly to the poor. However, reductions in out-of-pocket expenditures were found to be more uniformly distributed across income quintiles. A variant on the base case suggests…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance -
DataPublication 2019HDR Country Profile: Afghanistan
This country profile on Afghanistan is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Each …
This country profile on Afghanistan is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Each online country profile also links to a downloadable data table and a briefing note for its country. The Human Development Report Office releases data each year, including the Human Development Index (HDI), the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), the Gender Development Index (GDI), the Gender Inequality Index (GII), and the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). These indices reflect the UNDP human…
Evidence Synthesis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Social Determinants | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Education/Labor | Science/Technology | Global -
ArticleWeb Portal 2017PLoS Collection: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than one million new sexually transmitted …
Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than one million new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur each day, incurring a very substantial burden of morbidity, mortality and additional infections. The pathogens responsible include bacteria, parasites and viruses, and intensive research is needed to address the substantial barriers to diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and the behavioral challenges of prevention. This PLOS collection, published in collaboration with WHO, focuses on global policy and systems…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Dynamic Transmission | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2017Getting it Right When Budgets are Tight: Prioritizing Responses to HIV Epidemics
Prioritizing investments across health interventions is complicated by the nonlinear relationship between intervention coverage and …
Prioritizing investments across health interventions is complicated by the nonlinear relationship between intervention coverage and epidemiological outcomes. It can be difficult for countries to know which interventions to prioritize for greatest epidemiological impact, particularly when budgets are uncertain.The authors examined four case studies of HIV epidemics in diverse settings, each with different characteristics. These case studies were based on public data available for Belarus, Peru, Togo, and Myanmar. The Optima HIV model and software package…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2017Estimated Economic Impact of Vaccinations in 73 LMIC, 2001-2020
This analysis estimates the economic impact likely to be achieved by efforts to vaccinate against 10 …
This analysis estimates the economic impact likely to be achieved by efforts to vaccinate against 10 vaccine-preventable diseases between 2001 and 2020 in 73 low- and middle-income countries largely supported by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. The authors used health impact models to estimate the economic impact of achieving forecasted coverages for vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, rotavirus, rubella, Streptococcus pneumoniae and yellow fever. In…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | State-Transition | Dynamic Transmission | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2016Funding Gap for Immunization Across 94 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
This analysis estimates immunization program costs, potentially available financing, and resulting funding gap for 94 …
This analysis estimates immunization program costs, potentially available financing, and resulting funding gap for 94 low- and middle-income countries over the five-year period of 2016–2020. Vaccine financing by country governments, GAVI, and other development sources was forecasted for vaccine, supply chain, and service delivery based on an analysis of comprehensive multi-year plans together with a series of scenarios. The authors found that that delivery of full vaccination programs across the 94 countries would result in a total…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Costing Methods | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Health Systems | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2016Country-Level Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income …
This article estimates the cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) for health interventions in several low and middle-income countries (LMICs), based on opportunity costs. When there are constraints on a health care system’s budget or ability to increase expenditures, additional costs imposed by interventions have an “opportunity cost” in terms of the health foregone because other interventions cannot be provided. The authors argue that cost-effectiveness thresholds should reflect health opportunity cost and aim to calculate these in four…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific | Europe | Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Economics/Finance | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean