Resources Repository
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Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Decision Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Teaching PackPublication, Teaching Resource 2022Teaching Pack: Valuing Individual Health Outcomes
In this teaching pack on Valuing Individual Health Outcomes, students learn how to assign quantitative …
In this teaching pack on Valuing Individual Health Outcomes, students learn how to assign quantitative values to health outcomes at the individual level, including: expected utility theory, the axioms of this theory, distinguishing between preference-based measures of value and health-related quality of life outcomes, measuring utility using the standard gamble, the time trade-off, and the visual analog scale, and understanding the limitations of these measures. Materials include an instructor's note, videos, companion slides, a glossary,…
Decision Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Injuries/Accidents | Preferences/Values | College | Graduate | Doctoral -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness of Subsidizing Fruit and Vegetable through SNAP
A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease …
A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease - to incentivize consumption among low-income households one proposal is to make them more affordable through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This cost effectiveness analysis adopts a societal perspective to estimate the value of subsidizing fruit and vegetable (FV) purchases among the one in seven Americans who participate in SNAP. A stochastic microsimulation model of obesity, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction,…
Microsimulation | Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Food/Agriculture | North America -
ReviewPublication 2017Quality of Life as an Outcome of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
The recent opioid epidemic has prompted renewed interest in opioid use disorder treatment, but there …
The recent opioid epidemic has prompted renewed interest in opioid use disorder treatment, but there is little evidence regarding health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) outcomes in treatment programs. Measuring HRQoL represents an opportunity to consider outcomes of opioid use disorder treatment that are more patient-centered and more relevant to overall health than abstinence alone. This systematic literature review explores the extent to which the collection of HRQoL by opioid treatment programs is documented in the treatment program literature.…
Evidence Synthesis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Preferences/Values | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Health Systems -
ArticlePublication 2016Maternal-Related Deaths and Impoverishment among Adolescent Girls in India and Niger
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among …
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls across socioeconomic groups in Niger and India, which have the largest fertility rate, and number of maternal deaths, respectively. Results showed that in Niger and India, the poorer adolescents had a larger number of maternal deaths compared to the richer. Impoverishment occurred mostly among the richer adolescents in Niger and among the poorer adolescents in India. Increasing educational…
Mathematical Models | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Education/Labor | Sub-Saharan Africa | Asia & Pacific -
OrganizationWeb Portal 2024American Public Health Association
The American Public Health Association (APHA), was founded in 1872 dedicated to improving the health …
The American Public Health Association (APHA), was founded in 1872 dedicated to improving the health of all U.S. residents. Two of the Association’s most important functions are advocacy for adoption by the government of the most current scientific advances relevant to public health, and public education on how to improve community health. Along with these efforts, they have also campaigned for developing well-organized health departments at both the federal and local levels. In 1966, APHA…
Evidence Synthesis | Technology Assessment | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Injuries/Accidents | Infectious Diseases | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Global | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Conceptualizing Monetary Benchmarks for Health Investments toward Poverty Reduction
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article …
Public spending can improve population well-being, for example, by averting or reducing poverty. This article aims to conceptualize monetary benchmarks for health sector investments oriented towards poverty alleviation in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Priority setting in low- and lower-middle-income countries could be informed by health-sector PRBs (poverty reduction benchmarks), in addition to burden of disease and cost-effectiveness considerations. The computed PRBs, expressed in dollars per poverty case averted, can possibly be viewed in a manner…
Evidence Synthesis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Global -
ReviewPublication 2022Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations of COVID-19 Interventions: Non-Health Impacts and Distributional Issues
The authors conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations of COVID-19 interventions and assessed whether …
The authors conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations of COVID-19 interventions and assessed whether they incorporated non-health impacts and distributional concerns. Among the 70 articles included, more than half (56%) included at least one non-health impact, although only 21% incorporated non-economic consequences. Only 17% examined subgroups of interest. The median ICER for the entire sample was $67,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) (interquartile range [IQR] $9000-$893,000/QALY). Interventions including a pharmaceutical component yielded a median ICER of $93,000/QALY (IQR…
Evidence Synthesis | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Social Determinants | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Culture/Society | North America -
ArticlePublication 2021Individual and Social Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using …
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using national survey data collected before vaccines were available in the U.S. Of note, individuals under the federal poverty level and racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Outcomes included the likelihood of vaccinating self and dependents (e.g., children). Independent variables included perceptions of risk, exposure to different media for COVID-19 news, political party identification, confidence in scientists and social determinants of…
Evidence Synthesis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Social Determinants | Infectious Diseases | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | North America