Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2016Prevention of Hepatitis C by Screening and Treatment in U.S. Prisons
This study assesses the health and economic impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and …
This study assesses the health and economic impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment in U.S. prisons on the broader HCV epidemic. Employing an agent-based microsimulation model of HCV transmission and disease progression, data from published literature inform the analysis. The target populations include individuals in U.S. prisons and the general community over a 30-year timeframe, adopting a societal perspective. Interventions encompass risk-based and universal opt-out HCV screening in prisons, followed by treatment…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016Challenges of Prioritization
Cost-effectiveness analysis has traditionally been applied primarily to very specific interventions, such as drugs and …
Cost-effectiveness analysis has traditionally been applied primarily to very specific interventions, such as drugs and diagnostics; in addition, the evidence base drawn on for evaluating such interventions is relatively good, given the medical research industry surrounding their testing. However, with increasing success in controlling infectious diseases, many of the health challenges facing countries concern broad threats to health with multiple causes, such as obesity, where the relationship between policy action and health benefit is not…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Infectious Diseases | Mental Health | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Global -
ArticlePublication 2016An Economic Evaluation of the PEN Program in Indonesia
Responding to the economic and health burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), the World Health Organization (WHO) …
Responding to the economic and health burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the Package of Essential Noncommunicable disease (PEN) interventions. Several countries, including Indonesia, implemented the PEN program. To assess the value of the investment in the current program, an economic evaluation of the program was conducted with collaboration between the Ministry of Health in Indonesia, the WHO, and the International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI). This study evaluated the delivery of…
Technology Assessment | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness & Budget Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment with Sofosbuvir & Ledipasvir in the U.S.
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for treating chronic …
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared to the old standard of care (oSOC). Using a microsimulation model based on HCV natural history, data from published literature, and a third-party payer perspective, the analysis considers treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HCV populations in the United States over a lifetime horizon. Sofosbuvir-based therapies are found to add 0.56 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) relative to oSOC,…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Publicly Financed HPV Vaccination in China: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors …
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors estimated the distribution of deaths averted by income quintile, compared vaccination paired with screening against current practice. They estimated reductions in cervical cancer incidence, net costs to the government, and patient cost savings, as well as the incremental government health care costs per death averted. When the cost per HPV vaccination is less than US$50 per vaccinated girl, vaccination was…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Population Health Model (POHEM): An Overview
This paper provides an overview of the rationale, methodology and applications of the Population Health …
This paper provides an overview of the rationale, methodology and applications of the Population Health Model (POHEM). POHEM is a health microsimulation model, developed at Statistics Canada in the early 1990s. The authors describe that POHEM draws together rich multivariate data from a wide range of sources to simulate the lifecycle of the Canadian population, specifically focusing on aspects of health. The model dynamically simulates individuals’ disease states, risk factors, and health determinants, in order…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Mathematical Models | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | North America -
ArticlePublication 2013Contribution of H. Pylori and Smoking to US Incidence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Microsimulation Model
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading …
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This analysis estimates the contribution of risk factor trends on past and future intestinal-type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) incidence. The authors developed a population-based microsimulation model of intestinal-type NCGA and calibrated it to U.S. epidemiologic data on precancerous lesions and cancer. The model explicitly incorporated the impact of Helicobacter pylori and smoking on disease natural history, for which…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | North America -
GuidelinesPublication 2013Economic Analyses to Support Decisions about HPV Vaccination in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Consensus Report and Guide
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability …
Low- and middle-income countries need to consider economic issues such as cost-effectiveness, affordability and sustainability before introducing a program for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. However, many such countries lack the technical capacity and data to conduct their own analyses. This report describes the consensus of an expert group convened by the World Health Organization, prioritizing key issues to be addressed when considering economic analyses to support HPV vaccine introduction in these countries. The expert group…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Outcomes | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Latin America & Caribbean | Asia & Pacific -
GuidelinesPublication 2011HPV Vaccine Introduction in LMIC's: Guidance on the Use of Cost-Effectiveness Models
This article is a literature review of HPV vaccination models suitable for low-income and middle-income …
This article is a literature review of HPV vaccination models suitable for low-income and middle-income country use to provide information about the feasibility of using such models in a developing country setting. The authors evaluated models in terms of their capacity, requirements, limitations and comparability. Their literature review identified six HPV vaccination models suitable for low-income and middle-income country use and representative of the literature in terms of provenance and model structure. Each model was…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Science/Technology | Global