Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2024Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions to Improve Uptake of Diabetes Services in South Africa
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes …
This study examines the potential impact of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program on diabetes diagnosis and treatment service utilization in South Africa (SA) using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). Applying a Markov model over a 45-year period, the analysis compares costs, health benefits, and financial risk protection (FRP) attributes of different CCT strategies, drawing from SA-specific data. Three scenarios were simulated: covering diagnosis services only, treatment services only, and both diagnosis and treatment services. Cost-effectiveness,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacist Prescribing for Managing Hypertension
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control …
This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of implementing a pharmacist-prescribing intervention to improve blood pressure control in the US. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model based on the pharmacist-prescribing intervention used in The Alberta Clinical Trial in Optimizing Hypertension (or RxACTION). Outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage kidney disease events, life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Costs were based on reimbursement rates, published literature, national…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Cost-Effectiveness of Intensive vs. Standard Blood Pressure Control Among Older Patients
This economic analysis explored the cost-effectiveness of intensive vs standard blood pressure control in older …
This economic analysis explored the cost-effectiveness of intensive vs standard blood pressure control in older hypertensive patients between 60 and 80 years in China, the US, and the UK. Treatment outcome data from the Trial of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Older Patients with Hypertension (STEP trial) and different cardiovascular risk assessment models for a hypothetical cohort of STEP-eligible patients were used. Costs and utilities were obtained from published sources. A Markov model was used to…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | Clinical Care | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Designing Guidelines for Those Who Do Not Follow Them: Impact of Adherence Assumptions on Optimal Screening Guidelines
This study examines the impact of real-world screening adherence on the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer …
This study examines the impact of real-world screening adherence on the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening guidelines. Using a microsimulation model of cervical carcinogenesis, the researchers projected long-term health and economic outcomes for 18 screening algorithms under various adherence scenarios. These included perfect adherence, eight high- and low-coverage "random-complier" scenarios, and three "systematic-complier" scenarios reflecting conditional screening behavior over a lifetime. Results showed that perfect adherence favored the least intensive screening strategy, while any level…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023New Type 2 Diabetes Microsimulation Model to Estimate Long-Term Health Outcomes, Costs, Cost-Effectiveness
This study presents a microsimulation model designed to estimate the health effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness …
This study presents a microsimulation model designed to estimate the health effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of interventions for type 2 diabetes in the United States. Unlike existing models that rely on UK data, this model incorporates newly derived risk equations based on US studies, enhancing its applicability to the US context. The model features a highly modular architecture allowing for easy addition of new modules and interventions, facilitating policy decision-making. Internal validation showed good performance,…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Context Matters: Emotional Sensitivity to Probabilities and the Bias for Action in Cancer Treatment Decisions
The study investigates the commission bias in cancer treatment decisions and its association with emotional …
The study investigates the commission bias in cancer treatment decisions and its association with emotional sensitivity to probabilities (ESP), which reflects how individuals gauge emotional reactions to probability information. Participants (N = 1,055) made hypothetical treatment choices between surgery and watchful waiting under varying mortality probabilities. Logistic regression analysis, incorporating the Possibility Probability Questionnaire (PPQ) and other individual differences, revealed a commission bias favoring surgery regardless of mortality probabilities. An interaction effect indicated that higher…
Decision Psychology | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2023Calibration and Validation of the Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma Incidence and Mortality (CRC-AIM) Microsimulation Model Using Deep Neural Networks
This study explores the efficacy of machine learning (ML)-based emulators in calibrating complex microsimulation models, …
This study explores the efficacy of machine learning (ML)-based emulators in calibrating complex microsimulation models, using the Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Adenoma Incidence and Mortality (CRC-AIM) model as a case study. ML algorithms, including deep neural networks (DNN), were trained and compared using data generated from the CRC-AIM model to predict various outcomes. The DNN outperformed other algorithms and efficiently predicted outcomes, reducing computational burden significantly. The calibrated CRC-AIM model demonstrated cross-model validity against established CISNET models…
Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Microsimulation | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2023Out-of-Pocket Expenditures & Financial Risks Associated with Treatment of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Ethiopia
This study investigates out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for vaccine-preventable diseases …
This study investigates out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in Ethiopia. Through a cross-sectional costing analysis, data on OOP direct medical and nonmedical expenditures were collected from 995 households in 54 health facilities nationwide. The study focuses on VPDs in children under 5 years for pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, and pertussis, and in children under 15 years for meningitis. Mean OOP expenditures per disease episode ranged from $5·6 to…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Mathematical Models | Child/Nutrition | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2022Equity Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing of Alcohol
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) …
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol would be an effective policy, but high levels of income inequality raise concerns about equity impacts. This paper quantifies the equity impact of MUP on household health and finances in rich and poor drinkers in South Africa. Authors estimate MUP would reduce consumption more among the poorest than the richest drinkers. A MUP policy in South Africa has…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa