Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2015Cost-Effectiveness & Budget Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment with Sofosbuvir & Ledipasvir in the U.S.
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for treating chronic …
This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared to the old standard of care (oSOC). Using a microsimulation model based on HCV natural history, data from published literature, and a third-party payer perspective, the analysis considers treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HCV populations in the United States over a lifetime horizon. Sofosbuvir-based therapies are found to add 0.56 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) relative to oSOC,…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Publicly Financed HPV Vaccination in China: Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors …
This extended cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates public financing of HPV vaccination in China to prevent cervical cancer. Authors estimated the distribution of deaths averted by income quintile, compared vaccination paired with screening against current practice. They estimated reductions in cervical cancer incidence, net costs to the government, and patient cost savings, as well as the incremental government health care costs per death averted. When the cost per HPV vaccination is less than US$50 per vaccinated girl, vaccination was…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2013Contribution of H. Pylori and Smoking to US Incidence of Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Microsimulation Model
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading …
Although gastric cancer has declined dramatically in the US, the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. This analysis estimates the contribution of risk factor trends on past and future intestinal-type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) incidence. The authors developed a population-based microsimulation model of intestinal-type NCGA and calibrated it to U.S. epidemiologic data on precancerous lesions and cancer. The model explicitly incorporated the impact of Helicobacter pylori and smoking on disease natural history, for which…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2011Model-Based Analyses to Compare Health and Economic Outcomes of Cancer Control: Inclusion of Disparities
In order to identify strategies that improve both population health and ensure its equitable distribution, …
In order to identify strategies that improve both population health and ensure its equitable distribution, the authors developed a typology of cancer disparities that considers types of inequalities among black, white, and Hispanic populations across different cancers. This paper reports on the typology using an existing disease simulation model of cervical cancer that was calibrated to clinical, epidemiological, and cost data in the United States and presents characteristics important for policy discussions. The typology proposed…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | State-Transition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Priority Setting/Ethics | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2010Empirically Evaluating Decision-Analytic Models
To augment model credibility, evaluation via comparison to independent, empirical studies is recommended. The authors …
To augment model credibility, evaluation via comparison to independent, empirical studies is recommended. The authors developed a structured reporting format for model evaluation and conducted a structured literature review to characterize current model evaluation recommendations and practices. As an illustration, they applied the reporting format to evaluate a microsimulation of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. The model's outputs and uncertainty ranges were compared with multiple outcomes from a study of long-term progression from high-grade precancer…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2009Cost-Effectiveness of HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Aged 30+ Years in the U.S.
The objective of the study was to assess the health and economic outcomes of HPV …
The objective of the study was to assess the health and economic outcomes of HPV vaccination in older U.S. women. The authors conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis with an empirically calibrated model using data from published literature; interventions included HPV vaccination added to screening strategies that differ by test (cytology or HPV DNA testing), frequency, and start age versus screening alone.They found that in the context of annual or biennial screening, HPV vaccination of women aged…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2007Modeling HPV and Cervical Cancer in the U.S. for Analyses of Screening and Vaccination
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty …
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty about the natural history of disease that was used to provide quantitative insight into U.S. policy choices for cervical cancer prevention. The authors developed a stochastic microsimulation of cervical cancer that distinguishes different HPV types by their incidence, clearance, persistence, and progression. For each set of sampled input parameters, likelihood-based goodness-of-fit (GOF) scores were computed based on comparisons between model-predicted…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2024Hepatitis C Elimination in Rwanda: Progress, Feasibility, Economic Evaluation
This study evaluates the impact of Rwanda's national program launched in 2018 to eliminate hepatitis …
This study evaluates the impact of Rwanda's national program launched in 2018 to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) and identifies strategies to achieve World Health Organization (WHO) elimination goals by 2030. Employing a microsimulation model spanning 2015 to 2050, the analysis assesses HCV epidemic trends, prevalence, mortality, and total care costs under various scenarios. Results show that between 2018 and 2022, over 7 million people were screened and 60,000 treated, projecting Rwanda's potential achievement of…
Microsimulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2024Hypertension Care Cascades and Reducing Inequities in Cardiovascular Disease in LMIC
This study investigates the distributional implications of enhancing hypertension control in low- and middle-income countries …
This study investigates the distributional implications of enhancing hypertension control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across wealth quintiles. Using individual-level data from nationally representative surveys in 44 LMICs, the researchers simulated improvements in the hypertension care cascade and assessed the distributional benefits. They raised diagnosis and treatment levels for all wealth quintiles to match the best-performing country quintile and estimated the resulting change in 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Results indicate greater health benefits…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine