Resources Repository
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ReviewPublication 2016Economic Dimensions of Noncommunicable Diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean
This companion volume to Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3), explores the impact of noncommunicable diseases …
This companion volume to Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3), explores the impact of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) on development and economic growth in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This collection of manuscripts examines the complex interplay among NCDs, health expenditures and financial investments in health, poverty, and inequities, using up-to-date information and evidence from the LAC region. There is compelling proof that NCDs are a major and growing problem for low- and…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Child/Nutrition | Mental Health | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Food/Agriculture -
Resource PortalPublication, Teaching Resource 2017Immunization Financing: A Resource Guide
This resource guide compiles 26 briefs on topics related to the cost and financing of …
This resource guide compiles 26 briefs on topics related to the cost and financing of national immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries. The guide provides information and analysis to help advocates, policymakers, and program managers assess different financing options, approaches to strategic purchasing, and strategies for policy change, incorporating recent country experience in these areas. The guide is an update to the Immunization Financing Toolkit: A Resource for Policy-Makers and Program Managers, published by…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Global Governance | Costing Methods | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific | College | Graduate | Doctoral | Professional | Decision Making/Leadership | Policy Translation | Quantitative Literacy -
ArticlePublication 2016Cost-Effectiveness of Routine Vaccination With a Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine: Model Comparison
Large Phase III trials across Asia and Latin America have demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant, …
Large Phase III trials across Asia and Latin America have demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant, live-attenuated dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) over the first 25 months following vaccination. Subsequent data collected in the longer-term follow-up phase, however, have raised concerns about a potential increase in hospitalization risk of subsequent dengue infections, in particular among young, dengue-naïve vaccinees. This paper reports predictions from eight independent modelling groups on the long-term safety, public health impact, and cost-effectiveness of routine…
Dynamic Transmission | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Global Governance | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Asia & Pacific -
ReviewPublication 2016Using Economic Evidence to Set Healthcare Priorities in LMIC
Policy makers in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly looking to develop ‘evidence-based’ frameworks …
Policy makers in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are increasingly looking to develop ‘evidence-based’ frameworks for identifying priority health interventions. This paper synthesizes and appraises the literature on methodological frameworks – which incorporate economic evaluation evidence – for the purpose of setting healthcare priorities in LMICs. A systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, Econlit and PubMed identified 3968 articles with a further 21 articles identified through manual searching. A total of 36 papers were eligible for inclusion.…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Technology Assessment | Health Systems | Government/Law | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2016Departures from Cost-Effectiveness Recommendations: Health System Constraints
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality …
Cost-effectiveness analysis assumes a single constraint, in the form of the budget constraint, whereas in reality decision makers may be faced with numerous other constraints. The objective of this article is to develop a typology of constraints that may act as barriers to implementation of cost-effectiveness recommendations. Six categories of constraints are considered: the design of the health system; costs of implementing change; system interactions between interventions; uncertainty in estimates of costs and benefits; weak governance;…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Education/Labor | Government/Law | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2013Estimated Mortality Impact of Vaccinations 2011–2020 in 73 GAVI Alliance Countries
From August to December 2011, a multidisciplinary group with expertise in mathematical modeling was constituted …
From August to December 2011, a multidisciplinary group with expertise in mathematical modeling was constituted by the GAVI Alliance and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to estimate the impact of vaccination in 73 countries supported by the GAVI Alliance. The number of deaths averted in persons projected to be vaccinated during 2011–2020 was estimated for ten antigens: hepatitis B, yellow fever, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae, rotavirus, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, Japanese…
Dynamic Transmission | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Global Governance | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Infectious Diseases | Science/Technology | Sub-Saharan Africa | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2008Mathematical Models of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean
This article reports on a model-based approach estimated averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, disability-adjusted …
This article reports on a model-based approach estimated averted cervical cancer cases and deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (I$/DALY averted) for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of young adolescent girls using population and epidemiologic data for 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The authors found that an absolute reduction in lifetime cancer risk varied between countries, depending on incidence, proportion attributable to HPV-16 and 18, and population age-structure; for…
Calibration/Validation | Health/Medicine | Economics/Finance | Latin America & Caribbean | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2018HTA and MCDA Solely or Combined? The Case of Priority-Setting in Colombia
Given the limited resources available worldwide, healthcare systems face problems of justice and efficiency related …
Given the limited resources available worldwide, healthcare systems face problems of justice and efficiency related to setting priorities. Two methods, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) have emerged as tools to assist in informed decision-making, but both have advantages and disadvantages. Colombia established a Health Technology Assessment Institute in 2012. The authors discuss challenges faced by the Colombian health system, characteristics of HTA in Colombia and the potential benefits and drawbacks of…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems -
ReportPublication 2015Modeling to Improve Policy Decisions in the Americas: Noncommunicable Diseases
In the Region of the Americas, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a clear threat not only …
In the Region of the Americas, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a clear threat not only to human health, but also to a country’s economic development and growth. The evidence on both of these counts is compelling. In 2012, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, chronic respiratory conditions including asthma, and other NCDs were the cause of 4.5 million deaths in the Americas. Of that total number, 1.5 million of them were premature, occurring among people aged 30-69…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean | Chronic Disease/Risk | Costing Methods | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Microsimulation | Decision Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Mental Health