Resources Repository
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ReviewPublication 2013Public Health Economics: Review of Guidance for Economic Evaluation
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health …
This is a systematic review of published guidance for the economic evaluation of public health interventions. Public Health Economics is the science and art of supporting decision making as to how society can use its available resources to advance health, and minimize opportunity cost. In this review, the authors identified 5 international guidance documents, 7 UK guidance documents and 4 documents by individual commentators. The papers reviewed identify the main methodological challenges that face analysts…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2016Maternal-Related Deaths and Impoverishment among Adolescent Girls in India and Niger
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among …
This article, published in BMJ Open, examined the distribution of maternal deaths and impoverishment among adolescent girls across socioeconomic groups in Niger and India, which have the largest fertility rate, and number of maternal deaths, respectively. Results showed that in Niger and India, the poorer adolescents had a larger number of maternal deaths compared to the richer. Impoverishment occurred mostly among the richer adolescents in Niger and among the poorer adolescents in India. Increasing educational…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Economics/Finance | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2015Universal Public Finance of Tuberculosis Treatment in India: An Extended CEA
This paper evaluates the consequences of universal public finance (UPF) for tuberculosis treatment in India …
This paper evaluates the consequences of universal public finance (UPF) for tuberculosis treatment in India using extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA). The authors evaluated the impact of UPF on health gains, financial consequences, and catastrophic health expenditures, and concluded that the health gains and insurance value of UPF would accrue mostly to the poor. However, reductions in out-of-pocket expenditures were found to be more uniformly distributed across income quintiles. A variant on the base case suggests…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Economics/Finance | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2021Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Early Distribution of U.S. COVID-19 Testing Sites and Mortality
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to …
In 2020, U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were pivotal not just for diagnosis but also to provide data that would contribute to understanding transmission. This research explored how these sites were distributed in relation to racial and ethnic demographics and its connection to observed disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. Data from mid-April to late May 2020 revealed that testing sites were not equally distributed among racial groups. Specifically, there was an overrepresentation of testing sites in areas…
Test Performance | Health Outcomes | Science/Technology | Policy/Regulation | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Vaccinations versus Lockdowns to Prevent COVID-19 Mortality
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly …
This analysis estimated the costs associated with preventing Covid-19 deaths by vaccinations versus lockdowns. Publicly available datasets from the Israeli Ministry of Health were used to model the parameters of the pandemic in Israel. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker was used for quantitative data on government policies. Data on the Israeli economy were taken from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The models demonstrate that the first lockdown prevented 1022 COVID-19 deaths at the cost…
Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Economics/Finance | Policy/Regulation | Decision Theory | State-Transition | Decision Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Middle East & North Africa -
ArticlePublication 2022COVID-19 Response: The Need for Economic Evaluation
COVID-19-related policies are fraught with trade-offs. Many of these trade-offs involve dimensions that can be …
COVID-19-related policies are fraught with trade-offs. Many of these trade-offs involve dimensions that can be quantitatively weighed using economic evaluation, such as those between health and cost outcomes. Other types of dimensions, such as those involving equity or autonomy, can be harder to quantify but should be considered in a comprehensive health policy decision-making context nonetheless. The authors of this New England Journal of Medicine Perspectives article outline how methods of economic evaluation and decision…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Economics/Finance | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine | Global | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Emerging Therapies for COVID-19: The Value of Information From More Clinical Trials
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated time-sensitive policy and implementation decisions regarding new therapies in the face …
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated time-sensitive policy and implementation decisions regarding new therapies in the face of uncertainty. This study aimed to quantify consequences of approving therapies or pursuing further research. The authors used a cohort state-transition model for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs associated with multiple drug regimens and usual care. For each they assessed immediate approval, use only in research, emergency use authorization or reject. They conducted cost-effectiveness…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Value of Information | Economics/Finance | Policy/Regulation | State-Transition | Infectious Diseases | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2021Individual and Social Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using …
This article examined the individual, communication and social determinants associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake using national survey data collected before vaccines were available in the U.S. Of note, individuals under the federal poverty level and racial and ethnic minorities were oversampled. Outcomes included the likelihood of vaccinating self and dependents (e.g., children). Independent variables included perceptions of risk, exposure to different media for COVID-19 news, political party identification, confidence in scientists and social determinants of…
Evidence Synthesis | Health Outcomes | Science/Technology | Policy/Regulation | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Household Energy Interventions in Haryana, India: An Extended CEA
In this paper, the authors examine the use of solid fuels as a primary energy …
In this paper, the authors examine the use of solid fuels as a primary energy source for cooking in India, which contributes to high rates of infant and child mortality as well as other diseases caused by household air pollution (HAP). To achieve the widespread adoption of one of three interventions – a mud chimney stove, a blower stove, and LPG use—the government needs to offer subsidies to households using solid fuels. While the reduction…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Economics/Finance | Science/Technology | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Climate/Environment | Energy/Engineering | Asia & Pacific