Resources Repository
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ReportPublication 2016Modeling to Inform Strategies to Improve Population Health
This workshop report summarizes a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine to explore the potential …
This workshop report summarizes a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine to explore the potential uses of simulation and other types of modeling for improving health. Participants worked to identify how modeling could inform population health decision making (selecting and refining potential strategies, ranging from interventions to investments) based on lessons learned from models that have been, or have not been, used successfully, opportunities and barriers to incorporating models into decision making, and data needs and…
Dynamic Simulation | Microsimulation | Mathematical Models | State-Transition | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Decision Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Business/Industry | Climate/Environment | Government/Law | North America -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Mortality Risk Reductions in Global Benefit-Cost Analysis
Increasing life expectancy is a major goal of many policies implemented around the world. As …
Increasing life expectancy is a major goal of many policies implemented around the world. As a result, the value of reducing mortality risk has been extensively studied and several organizations have developed recommendations for estimating these values in benefit-cost analysis. However, both the recommendations and the underlying research primarily address high-income settings, raising questions about the extent to which the results are applicable in low- and middle-income countries. The recommendations are also diverse, reflecting differing…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Health Outcomes | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Global -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Health Outcomes | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ReportPublication 2021What the American Public Thinks About Vaccines and How Framing Can Help
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, …
This paper explores the question of public understandings, beliefs, and attitudes about vaccination in general, and childhood vaccination more specifically. The authors provide an overview of the existing literature on public thinking about vaccination and on effective communication strategies and interventions that have been either suggested or empirically tested. This description was extracted from the publication abstract.
Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Child/Nutrition | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | North America -
ReportPublication 2017Underestimated Cost of the Opioid Crisis
This report on the opioid public health crisis was released by the White House Council …
This report on the opioid public health crisis was released by the White House Council on Economic Advisors (CEA) in November 2017. It corrects previous estimates of related costs by adding the value of the associated deaths. Earlier estimates focused on medical and other expenditures, while the new report also includes estimates of the value that individuals place on reducing their own risks of premature mortality. The report notes that, in 2015, over 33,000 Americans…
Preferences/Values | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Mental Health | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | North America -
GuidelinesWeb Portal 2017iDSI Reference Case for Economic Evaluation
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and …
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and reporting of health economic evaluations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The International Decision Support Group (iDSI) is a network of health, policy and economic experts. It builds on the approaches of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP) in Thailand and the World Health Organization. iDSI…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Global -
ReportPublication 2018Estimating the Distributional Impact of Increasing Taxes on Tobacco Products in Armenia
Smoking is considered the leading risk factor for mortality among the Armenian population. The authors …
Smoking is considered the leading risk factor for mortality among the Armenian population. The authors conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) on increases in the excise tax on cigarettes in Armenia. Based on the World Health Organization recommendations, they analyzed the impact of a 75% increase of excise tax on the retail price of cigarettes. The ECEA found large health and financial benefits to the excise tax. It averted about 88,000 premature deaths, US$63 million of OOP…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Business/Industry | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Europe -
GuidelinesPublication 2016Decision Models in Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) develops evidence-based recommendations about preventive care based on …
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) develops evidence-based recommendations about preventive care based on comprehensive systematic reviews of the best available evidence. Decision models provide a complementary, quantitative approach to support the USPSTF as it deliberates about the evidence and develops recommendations for clinical and policy use. This article describes the rationale for using modeling, an approach to selecting topics for modeling, and how modeling may inform recommendations about clinical preventive services.
Mathematical Models | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Health Outcomes | Evidence Synthesis | Decision Analysis | Health Systems | North America -
GuidelinesPublication 2015USPSTF Procedure Manual
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Procedure Manual describes the methods used by the …
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Procedure Manual describes the methods used by the Task Force to ensure that its recommendations are scientifically sound, reproducible, and well documented. The Manual provides a high-level description of the Task Force’s structure, governance, and processes for selecting topics, reviewing evidence, soliciting and responding to public input, and arriving at a recommendation. It is intended as a guide for anyone who is interested in the Task Force, Task…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Health/Medicine | Policy/Regulation | Evidence Synthesis | Technology Assessment | Health Systems | Government/Law | North America