Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2023Out-of-Pocket Expenditures & Financial Risks Associated with Treatment of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Ethiopia
This study investigates out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for vaccine-preventable diseases …
This study investigates out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in Ethiopia. Through a cross-sectional costing analysis, data on OOP direct medical and nonmedical expenditures were collected from 995 households in 54 health facilities nationwide. The study focuses on VPDs in children under 5 years for pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, and pertussis, and in children under 15 years for meningitis. Mean OOP expenditures per disease episode ranged from $5·6 to…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Child/Nutrition | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2021BMI-Related Healthcare Costs in the U.S.
This paper estimates continuous body mass index (BMI) related health care expenditures using data from …
This paper estimates continuous body mass index (BMI) related health care expenditures using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2011-2016, adjusting BMI for self-report bias and controlling for potential confounding between BMI and medical expenditures. Costs are reported in $US 2019. The analysis found a J-shaped curve of medical expenditures by BMI, with higher costs for females and the lowest expenditures occurring at a BMI of 20.5 for adult females and 23.5 for…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Child/Nutrition | North America -
ArticlePublication 2014Cost of a Primary Care-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention
This study evaluated the cost of a primary care-based obesity prevention intervention (High Five for …
This study evaluated the cost of a primary care-based obesity prevention intervention (High Five for Kids) for children ages 2-6 years, compared to usual care. U.S. pediatric guidelines recommend that childhood obesity counseling be done in primary care settings. The clinical trial aimed to modify children’s nutrition and TV viewing habits through a motivational interviewing intervention. The authors assessed the visit-related costs for children enrolled in the trial, and found that the mean costs for…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Child/Nutrition | Decision Analysis | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2022Comparative Health Systems Analysis of Differences in Catastrophic Health Expenditure
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications …
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications for health system performance in the area of financial risk protection, as measured by catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). This article compares non-communicable diseases catastrophic health expenditure to the CHE cases caused by communicable diseases across health systems to examine whether: (1) disease burden and catastrophic health expenditure are linked, (2) Catastrophic health expenditures secondary to NCDs disproportionately affect wealthier households and (3) whether the drivers…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Evidence Synthesis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2020Broader Economic Value of School Feeding Programs
Globally, there are 370 million children receiving school meals every day. Coverage is least in …
Globally, there are 370 million children receiving school meals every day. Coverage is least in low-income countries, where the need is greatest and where program costs are viewed as high in comparison with the benefits to public health alone. This article explores the policy implications of including the returns of school feeding to other sectors in an economic analysis. The authors develop an economic evaluation methodology to estimate the costs and benefits of school feeding…
Costing Methods | Child/Nutrition | Global -
ArticlePublication 2014Step-by-Step Guideline for Disease-Specific Costing Studies in LMIC
Disease-specific costing studies can be used as input into cost-effectiveness analyses and provide important information …
Disease-specific costing studies can be used as input into cost-effectiveness analyses and provide important information for efficient resource allocation. This paper provides a step-by-step guideline for conducting disease-specific costing studies in LMICs where data availability is limited and illustrates how the guideline was applied in a costing study of cardiovascular disease prevention care in rural Nigeria. The step-by-step guideline provides practical recommendations on methods and data requirements for six sequential steps: 1) definition of the study…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2022Healthcare Cost of Overweight & Obesity in South Africa
This analysis estimates the healthcare cost associated with treatment of weight-related conditions from the perspective …
This analysis estimates the healthcare cost associated with treatment of weight-related conditions from the perspective of the South African public sector payer. The authors report that the total cost of overweight and obesity is estimated to be ZAR33,194 million in 2020, representing approximately 15% of government health expenditure and equivalent to 0.67% of GDP. This analysis is an example of a bottom-up gross costing approach. The study draws South African data from multiple sources to estimate…
Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Health/Medicine | Sub-Saharan Africa -
ArticlePublication 2021Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccination Intent in the U.K. and U.S.
Widespread acceptance of a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 will be the next major step to fight …
Widespread acceptance of a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 will be the next major step to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, but high uptake achievement will be a challenge and may be impeded by online misinformation. This article is a randomized controlled trial in the U.K. and the U.S. with the objective to quantify how exposure to online misinformation around COVID-19 vaccines affects intent to vaccinate to protect oneself or others. The authors report that in both countries…
Decision Psychology | Child/Nutrition | Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2017Misinformation Lingers in Memory: Failure of Three Pro-Vaccination Strategies
People's inability to update their memories in light of corrective information may have important public …
People's inability to update their memories in light of corrective information may have important public health consequences, as in the case of vaccination choice. The authors compare three potentially effective strategies in vaccine promotion: (1) one contrasting myths vs. facts, (2) one employing fact and icon boxes, and (3) one showing images of non-vaccinated sick children. Beliefs in the autism/vaccines link and in vaccines side effects, along with intention to vaccinate a future child, were…
Decision Psychology | Child/Nutrition | Preferences/Values | Infectious Diseases | Culture/Society | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America