Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2022Equity Impact of Minimum Unit Pricing of Alcohol
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) …
South Africa experiences significant levels of alcohol-related harm. Recent research suggests minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol would be an effective policy, but high levels of income inequality raise concerns about equity impacts. This paper quantifies the equity impact of MUP on household health and finances in rich and poor drinkers in South Africa. Authors estimate MUP would reduce consumption more among the poorest than the richest drinkers. A MUP policy in South Africa has…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2022Potential Distributional Health & Financial Benefits of Increased Tobacco Taxes in Ethiopia: Findings from a Modeling Study
This study evaluates the potential impacts of Ethiopia's tobacco tax increase in 2020, which raised …
This study evaluates the potential impacts of Ethiopia's tobacco tax increase in 2020, which raised cigarette prices by approximately 67%. Employing parameters such as price elasticity of demand and smoking prevalence, the analysis utilizes existing literature and secondary data to model the effects of the reform on various outcomes, focusing on life years, tax revenues, cigarette expenditures, and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). Concentrating solely on male smokers due to low female smoking rates, the results…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Policy/Regulation | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2021Cost-Effectiveness & Equitable Access to Vaccines in Ethiopia: Overview and Evidence Synthesis
This article explores the gaps in vaccine coverage and the resulting burden of vaccine-preventable diseases …
This article explores the gaps in vaccine coverage and the resulting burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among poorer households in Ethiopia, despite the introduction of new vaccines and improved access to immunization services. It provides an overview of vaccine economics in Ethiopia, examining cost-effectiveness analysis, the cost of illness related to VPDs, equitable vaccine access, and immunization financing. The paper highlights significant disparities in vaccine access based on geographic location, socioeconomic status, and maternal education.…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2019CEA of Maternal and Neonatal Health Interventions
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, examines the cost-effectiveness of several maternal and …
This article, published in Health Policy and Planning, examines the cost-effectiveness of several maternal and neonatal health (MNH) interventions in an Ethiopian setting. The authors employ a static life table model to estimate the health impact of a 20% increase in intervention coverage relative to baseline. The results indicate that many MNH interventions are highly cost-effective. This evidence can be useful to inform the ongoing essential health services package revision in Ethiopia.
Sub-Saharan Africa | Child/Nutrition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Health Systems | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2018Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies to Prevent Road Traffic Injuries in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia: New Results from WHO-CHOICE
The authors applied a generalized cost-effectiveness analysis (GCEA) approach, applying a null reference case, in …
The authors applied a generalized cost-effectiveness analysis (GCEA) approach, applying a null reference case, in which the effects of currently implemented interventions were subtracted from current rates of burden, in order to identify the most efficient package of interventions that could be applied to Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs). They used a population model to estimate costs and effectiveness of interventions over a 100 year time frame in eastern sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. All heath…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Policy/Regulation | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Injuries/Accidents | Culture/Society | Science/Technology | Asia & Pacific -
ReviewPublication 2018Setting Health Sector Priorities: A Brief Overview of Ethiopia's Experience
Based on Ethiopia’s commitment to attain universal health coverage by 2035, the authors use the …
Based on Ethiopia’s commitment to attain universal health coverage by 2035, the authors use the current national strategies including the national essential health service package in Ethiopia as a springboard to explore the criteria and processes Ethiopia uses to set the existing national health sector priorities. Addition the authors highlight the critical need to strengthen country-led efforts and investments in human capital in developing country contexts.
Sub-Saharan Africa | Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Evidence Synthesis | Health Systems | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2018Equity Impact Vaccines May Have on Averting Deaths and Medical Impoverishment
In this analysis, authors estimated the number of deaths averted and the number of cases …
In this analysis, authors estimated the number of deaths averted and the number of cases of medical impoverishment averted of ten antigens and their corresponding vaccines across income quintiles for forty-one low- and middle-income countries. The study found that vaccines administered between 2016 and 2030 would prevent 36 million deaths. Vaccines will have the greatest impact on reducing cases of poverty caused by hepatitis B, helping an estimated 14 million people avoid medical impoverishment. An…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Child/Nutrition | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Infectious Diseases | Global Governance | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | Middle East & North Africa | Asia & Pacific -
ArticlePublication 2017Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program in Zambia
This article, published in Trials, outlines a protocol for a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and an …
This article, published in Trials, outlines a protocol for a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and an extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) of a comprehensive adolescent pregnancy prevention program in Zambia. The study will be conducted alongside a cluster-randomized controlled trial, which tests the hypothesis that economic support with or without community dialogue is an effective strategy for reducing adolescent childbearing rates. The ECEA will estimate the costs of the intervention packages per unit health and non-health gain…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Child/Nutrition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Maternal/Reproductive Health | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2017Changing the South African National ART Guidelines: The Role of Cost Modelling
This analysis was motivated by the South African Department of Health's request to assess the …
This analysis was motivated by the South African Department of Health's request to assess the cost implications of adopting sets of ART guidelines issued by the World Health Organization between 2010 and 2016.Using data from large South African ART clinics (n = 24,244 patients), projections of patients in need of ART, and cost data from bottom-up cost analyses, the authors constructed a population-level health-state transition model with 6-monthly transitions between health states depending on patients’ age,…
Sub-Saharan Africa | Clinical Care | Costing Methods | State-Transition | Infectious Diseases | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine