Resources Repository
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ArticlePublication 2015Clinical Role and Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting ART
Long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) could potentially improve outcomes in particular for those HIV-infected individuals with …
Long-acting antiretroviral therapy (LA-ART) could potentially improve outcomes in particular for those HIV-infected individuals with poor daily ART adherence. In this study the clinical role and cost-effectiveness of 3 long-acting ART strategies (LA-ART for patients with multiple ART failures; second-line LA-ART for those failing first-line therapy; and first-line LA-ART for ART-naive patients) are compared to daily oral ART using a microsimulation model. The findings of this study showed that LA-ART could improve survival of…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2014HIV Cure Strategies: How Good Must They be to Improve on ART?
This article uses a microsimulation model to explore under what circumstances three HIV cure strategies …
This article uses a microsimulation model to explore under what circumstances three HIV cure strategies (gene therapy, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (SCT)) would improve efficacy, toxicity, cost and quality of life outcomes compared to current antiretroviral therapy (ART). Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000 per QALY, results show that gene therapy was cost-effective compared to ART with an efficacy of 10%, relapse rate of 0.5%/month, and cost of $54,000. Chemotherapy was cost-effective with an…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Infectious Diseases | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2010Empirically Evaluating Decision-Analytic Models
To augment model credibility, evaluation via comparison to independent, empirical studies is recommended. The authors …
To augment model credibility, evaluation via comparison to independent, empirical studies is recommended. The authors developed a structured reporting format for model evaluation and conducted a structured literature review to characterize current model evaluation recommendations and practices. As an illustration, they applied the reporting format to evaluate a microsimulation of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. The model's outputs and uncertainty ranges were compared with multiple outcomes from a study of long-term progression from high-grade precancer…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | North America | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2009Cost-Effectiveness of HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Aged 30+ Years in the U.S.
The objective of the study was to assess the health and economic outcomes of HPV …
The objective of the study was to assess the health and economic outcomes of HPV vaccination in older U.S. women. The authors conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis with an empirically calibrated model using data from published literature; interventions included HPV vaccination added to screening strategies that differ by test (cytology or HPV DNA testing), frequency, and start age versus screening alone.They found that in the context of annual or biennial screening, HPV vaccination of women aged…
Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | North America | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2007Modeling HPV and Cervical Cancer in the U.S. for Analyses of Screening and Vaccination
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty …
This paper discusses a model of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer that incorporates uncertainty about the natural history of disease that was used to provide quantitative insight into U.S. policy choices for cervical cancer prevention. The authors developed a stochastic microsimulation of cervical cancer that distinguishes different HPV types by their incidence, clearance, persistence, and progression. For each set of sampled input parameters, likelihood-based goodness-of-fit (GOF) scores were computed based on comparisons between model-predicted…
Microsimulation | Calibration/Validation | North America | Infectious Diseases | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology -
ArticlePublication 2022Modeling the Effectiveness of Healthcare Personnel Reactive Testing and Screening for the SARS-Cov-2 Omicron Variant within Nursing Homes
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to exhibit faster clearance (time from peak …
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to exhibit faster clearance (time from peak viral concentration to clearance of acute infection), may be less detectable by antigen tests (decreased sensitivity), and may be more likely to evade immunity conferred by past infection or vaccination) compared to prior variants. This calls for a reassessment of strategies to prevent its spread, especially in vulnerable settings like nursing homes. Using a model that tracks viral shedding patterns,…
Mathematical Models | North America | Infectious Diseases | Test Performance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2022Comparative Health Systems Analysis of Differences in Catastrophic Health Expenditure
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications …
The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries may have implications for health system performance in the area of financial risk protection, as measured by catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). This article compares non-communicable diseases catastrophic health expenditure to the CHE cases caused by communicable diseases across health systems to examine whether: (1) disease burden and catastrophic health expenditure are linked, (2) Catastrophic health expenditures secondary to NCDs disproportionately affect wealthier households and (3) whether the drivers…
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Global | Infectious Diseases | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2020Distributional Impact of Supplementary Immunization Activities: Measles
Although evidence shows that inequalities in under-5 mortality in low- and middle-income countries are decreasing, …
Although evidence shows that inequalities in under-5 mortality in low- and middle-income countries are decreasing, disparities persist and highlight the need to prioritize inequality reduction and equity in decision-making at the global and national levels. This article studied the differential coverage impact of routine delivery versus supplementary immunization activities (e.g., campaigns) for the delivery of measles vaccine in defining and comparing an equity impact number across the two distinct vaccine delivery modes. The analysis can…
Global | Infectious Diseases | Priority Setting/Ethics -
ArticlePublication 2022Emerging Therapies for COVID-19: The Value of Information From More Clinical Trials
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated time-sensitive policy and implementation decisions regarding new therapies in the face …
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated time-sensitive policy and implementation decisions regarding new therapies in the face of uncertainty. This study aimed to quantify consequences of approving therapies or pursuing further research. The authors used a cohort state-transition model for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to estimate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs associated with multiple drug regimens and usual care. For each they assessed immediate approval, use only in research, emergency use authorization or reject. They conducted cost-effectiveness…
State-Transition | North America | Infectious Diseases | Value of Information | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Europe