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ArticlePublication 2019Cost-Effectiveness of Community-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions in Australia
This study examined the cost-effectiveness of community-based obesity prevention interventions (CBIs) consisting of strategies to …
This study examined the cost-effectiveness of community-based obesity prevention interventions (CBIs) consisting of strategies to promote healthy eating and physical activity for Australian children aged between 5-18 years. A multiple cohort Markov model that simulates diseases associated with overweight and obesity was used to estimate the health benefits, measured as health-adjusted life years (HALYs) and healthcare-related cost offsets from diseases averted due to exposure to the intervention. Health and cost outcomes were estimated over the…
Health Systems | Health Outcomes | State-Transition | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Oceania -
ArticlePublication 2019Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Obesity Prevention Interventions in the Early Years of Life
This analysis estimated the long-term health benefits and health care cost-savings of reductions in body …
This analysis estimated the long-term health benefits and health care cost-savings of reductions in body mass index (BMI) for the Australian population of children aged between 2 and 5 years. A proportional multistate, multiple cohort, lifetable model estimated the health benefits and health care cost-savings related to hypothetical reductions in BMI, informed by a scoping review of systematic reviews reporting the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions in preschool aged children. Results suggested significant potential for…
Health Systems | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Oceania -
Fact SheetPublication 2024CHOICES: The Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Study
Adults and children in the U.S. consume more calories from foods and beverages than they …
Adults and children in the U.S. consume more calories from foods and beverages than they are expending. Over the past few decades, this trend has created an obesity epidemic. Identifying what works to prevent childhood obesity has become a priority for public health researchers, policymakers, and the general public. The Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost-Effectiveness Study (CHOICES) at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health is working to help reverse the U.S. obesity epidemic by…
Health Systems | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Clinical Care | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness of a Clinical Childhood Obesity Intervention
This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of the STAR (Study of Technology to Accelerate Research) trial, …
This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of the STAR (Study of Technology to Accelerate Research) trial, an electronic health record (EHR)-based decision support intervention for primary care providers. Using a microsimulation model, the authors estimated the impact of a national implementation of STAR from 2015 to 2025 among all pediatric primary care providers in the U.S. with fully functional EHRs. The study found that over 10 years, the intervention would reach 2 million children, with costs…
Health Systems | Costing Methods | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Science/Technology | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Cost Effectiveness of an Elementary School Active Physical Education Policy
While most elementary schools in the U.S. do require some physical education (PE), on average, …
While most elementary schools in the U.S. do require some physical education (PE), on average, students spend less than half of class time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). PE activity levels are lower when more class time is spent organizing students or reviewing rules, and when PE classes are led by classroom teachers instead of trained PE specialists. Policies aimed at increasing MVPA levels during PE class – “active PE” policies – have been…
Health Systems | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Children, Ages 6-11 Years
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant …
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effects of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions (behavior-changing interventions) for the treatment of overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions for treating overweight or obese children aged 6…
Health Systems | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Government/Law | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2015Modeling the Cost Effectiveness of U.S. Child Care Policy Changes
Risk factors for obesity, including dietary habits, physical activity, and screen time behaviors develop in …
Risk factors for obesity, including dietary habits, physical activity, and screen time behaviors develop in early childhood, highlighting the importance of early intervention for obesity prevention. With nearly 70% of American preschool-aged children in out-of-home childcare facilities, these programs serve as an ideal intervention target. This study estimated the effect of hypothetical state-level regulations focused on beverage consumption, physical activity, and screen time. Using a simulation model, the authors found these regulatory changes would reach…
Health Systems | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016New Strategies to Prioritize Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Interventions
Interventions for obesity have not often been based on considerations that could predict their effectiveness. …
Interventions for obesity have not often been based on considerations that could predict their effectiveness. However, advances in research provide several new approaches that can inform priorities for public health interventions directed at nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. These approaches include estimation of the effect size, comparison of the calorie gap with the caloric deficit induced by the intervention, population reach and impact, cost and cost effectiveness of the intervention, time required to evaluate the…
Health Systems | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2016U.S. States' Childhood Obesity Surveillance Practices and Recommendations, 2014–2015
This study examined the extent to which state governments conduct child body mass index (BMI) …
This study examined the extent to which state governments conduct child body mass index (BMI) surveillance. Routine surveillance of child BMI is needed to monitor the childhood obesity epidemic, particularly at the state and local levels. However, child BMI surveillance systems operated by the U.S. government do not provide state or local data on children across a range of ages. The authors conducted structured telephone surveys with state government administrators from August through December 2014…
Health Systems | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Clinical Care | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Severe Obesity in Adults Cost State Medicaid Programs Nearly $8 Billion in 2013
Efforts to control healthcare spending while expanding Medicaid must be informed by a better understanding …
Efforts to control healthcare spending while expanding Medicaid must be informed by a better understanding of the state-level medical costs associated with severe obesity. This study analyzed medical costs from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and matched them to state-level estimates of severe obesity, adjusting for self-report bias. The authors found that in 2013, severe obesity cost the U.S. $69 billion, which accounted for 60% of total obesity-related costs. Approximately 11% of the costs…
Health Systems | Costing Methods | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2016Strengthening Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Public Health Policy
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the …
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the conditions in which we live and work: safe design and maintenance of roads, bridges, train tracks, and airports; control of environmental pollutants; occupational safety; healthy buildings; a safe and healthy food supply; safe manufacture of consumer products; a healthy social environment; and others. Faced with the overwhelming array of possibilities, U.S. decision makers need help identifying those that can contribute the…
Health Systems | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Policy/Regulation | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Prioritize Approaches to Obesity Prevention in Childhood
Recommended levels of physical activity (PA) promote a healthy body weight and reduce chronic disease …
Recommended levels of physical activity (PA) promote a healthy body weight and reduce chronic disease risk. To help prioritize investment in PA promotion initiatives, this study estimated the impact of six recommended strategies to increase physical activity in U.S. school, afterschool, and childcare settings. Using a microsimulation model, the authors found that the number children reached by the interventions ranged from 90,000 attending a Healthy Afterschool Program to over 31 million reached by Active School…
Health Systems | Priority Setting/Ethics | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Climate/Environment | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Three Interventions That Reduce Childhood Obesity
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. …
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. The authors estimated the cost-effectiveness of seven interventions high on the obesity policy agenda: (1) a sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax, (2) elimination of the tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy food to children, (3) restaurant menu calorie labeling, (4) nutrition standards for school meals, (5) nutrition standards for all other food and beverages sold in schools, (6) improved early care and…
Health Systems | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2016Cochrane Review: Strategies to Improve the Implementation of Obesity Prevention
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement …
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement policies, practices, and programs to promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and prevent unhealthy weight gain, many services fail to do so. The primary aim of the review was to examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed to improve the implementation of policies, practices, or programs by childcare services that promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and/or obesity prevention. The secondary…
Health Systems | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Strengthening Systems to Create Healthy Food Environments and Reduce Global Obesity
This series paper argued for a strengthening of accountability systems across all actors to substantially …
This series paper argued for a strengthening of accountability systems across all actors to substantially improve performance on obesity reduction. To achieve the World Health Organization’s target to halt the rise in obesity and diabetes, dramatic actions are needed to improve the healthiness of food environments. In view of the industry opposition and government reluctance to regulate for healthier food environments, quasi-regulatory approaches might achieve progress. A four step accountability framework (take the account, share…
Health Systems | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Global Governance | Climate/Environment | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Child and Adolescent Obesity: Part of a Bigger Picture
This series paper stresses a need for the governance of food supply and food markets …
This series paper stresses a need for the governance of food supply and food markets to be improved and commercial activities subordinated to protect and promote children's health. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has risen substantially worldwide in less than one generation. In the U.S., the average weight of a child has risen by more than 5 kg within three decades, to a point where a third of the country's children are overweight…
Health Systems | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Culture/Society | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Management of Obesity: Improvement of Training & Systems for Prevention & Care
This series paper notes that obesity poses an enormous clinical burden and that innovative treatment …
This series paper notes that obesity poses an enormous clinical burden and that innovative treatment and care-delivery strategies are needed. Although the caloric deficits achieved by increased awareness, policy, and environmental approaches have begun to achieve reductions in the prevalence of obesity in some countries, these approaches are insufficient to achieve weight loss in patients with severe obesity. In addition to biases and unfounded assumptions about patients with obesity, absence of training in behavior-change strategies…
Health Systems | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Business/Industry | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global
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