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ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Changes in Time Use
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income …
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on time spent in the informal sector; i.e., for which no compensation is received. Valuing changes in time use is often a critical element of economic analyses of development projects, which may affect the time spent in activities such as collecting water or traveling to health clinics. The authors find support for a commonly-used benchmark of 50% of…
Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2019Accounting for Timing
This paper offers guidance on the analysis of project impacts over time so that they …
This paper offers guidance on the analysis of project impacts over time so that they can be discounted appropriately in cost-effectiveness or benefit-cost analysis. The quantification and conversion of the time streams of different effects into their equivalent health, health care cost, or consumption effects, avoids embedding multiple arguments in discounting approaches. It helps identify where parameters are likely to differ, what type of evidence is relevant, what is currently known, and how this evidence…
Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing the Distribution of Impacts
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts …
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts are distributed across different members of the population, categorized by income level or other attributes. Benefit-cost analysis focuses on estimating aggregate net effects. Decision-makers and other stakeholders also want to know who is harmed, who is helped, and by how much. Responding to these questions requires identifying the characteristics of individuals and impacts of concern, examining how the benefits and…
Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing Economy-Wide Effects
This paper explores the use of economy-wide models to assess the impact of policies implemented …
This paper explores the use of economy-wide models to assess the impact of policies implemented in low- and middle-income countries. Such models include several distinct approaches, including input-output models, macroeconometric models, hybrid input-output-macroeconometric models, and general equilibrium models. Recent advances allow increasing incorporation of non-market welfare considerations into these tools. This development in turn facilitates a much better understanding of how health and environmental interventions affect metrics of great interest to policy-makers: for example, overall…
Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Improving Environmental Management in Uganda
This case study illustrates the application of a computable general equilibrium model to assess the …
This case study illustrates the application of a computable general equilibrium model to assess the economy-wide costs and benefits of investment in water resources development and environmental management (including coincident health implications) in Uganda. This assessment addresses a series of impact channels which trace raw resources such as arable land, water (as rivers and lakes), wetlands, and forests from their sources, through government and private management, and into the economy. The results are then fed…
Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis
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