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Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Health Outcomes | Global | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing the Distribution of Impacts
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts …
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts are distributed across different members of the population, categorized by income level or other attributes. Benefit-cost analysis focuses on estimating aggregate net effects. Decision-makers and other stakeholders also want to know who is harmed, who is helped, and by how much. Responding to these questions requires identifying the characteristics of individuals and impacts of concern, examining how the benefits and…
Costing Methods | Global | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing Economy-Wide Effects
This paper explores the use of economy-wide models to assess the impact of policies implemented …
This paper explores the use of economy-wide models to assess the impact of policies implemented in low- and middle-income countries. Such models include several distinct approaches, including input-output models, macroeconometric models, hybrid input-output-macroeconometric models, and general equilibrium models. Recent advances allow increasing incorporation of non-market welfare considerations into these tools. This development in turn facilitates a much better understanding of how health and environmental interventions affect metrics of great interest to policy-makers: for example, overall…
Costing Methods | Global | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Improving Environmental Management in Uganda
This case study illustrates the application of a computable general equilibrium model to assess the …
This case study illustrates the application of a computable general equilibrium model to assess the economy-wide costs and benefits of investment in water resources development and environmental management (including coincident health implications) in Uganda. This assessment addresses a series of impact channels which trace raw resources such as arable land, water (as rivers and lakes), wetlands, and forests from their sources, through government and private management, and into the economy. The results are then fed…
Costing Methods | Global | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Critical Thinking/Analysis
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