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ArticlePublication 2017Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Children, Ages 6-11 Years
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant …
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effects of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions (behavior-changing interventions) for the treatment of overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity, and behavioral interventions for treating overweight or obese children aged 6…
Policy/Regulation | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Government/Law | Health/Medicine -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness of Subsidizing Fruit and Vegetable through SNAP
A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease …
A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease - to incentivize consumption among low-income households one proposal is to make them more affordable through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). This cost effectiveness analysis adopts a societal perspective to estimate the value of subsidizing fruit and vegetable (FV) purchases among the one in seven Americans who participate in SNAP. A stochastic microsimulation model of obesity, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction,…
Policy/Regulation | Mathematical Models | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2016New Strategies to Prioritize Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Interventions
Interventions for obesity have not often been based on considerations that could predict their effectiveness. …
Interventions for obesity have not often been based on considerations that could predict their effectiveness. However, advances in research provide several new approaches that can inform priorities for public health interventions directed at nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. These approaches include estimation of the effect size, comparison of the calorie gap with the caloric deficit induced by the intervention, population reach and impact, cost and cost effectiveness of the intervention, time required to evaluate the…
Policy/Regulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2015BMI and Healthcare Cost Impact of Eliminating Tax Subsidy for Advertising Unhealthy Food to Youth
Children in the U.S. are exposed to thousands of food-related TV advertisements, most of which …
Children in the U.S. are exposed to thousands of food-related TV advertisements, most of which promote nutritionally poor foods and drinks. Food marketers spend millions of dollars on youth-directed television each year, and these advertising expenditures are currently treated by the U.S. government as ordinary business expenses, meaning they receive a tax subsidy of nearly $80 million. This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of eliminating this tax subsidy. Using a simulation model, the authors found that…
Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Culture/Society | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2016Strengthening Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Public Health Policy
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the …
Many important opportunities to improve health lie outside the health sector and involve improving the conditions in which we live and work: safe design and maintenance of roads, bridges, train tracks, and airports; control of environmental pollutants; occupational safety; healthy buildings; a safe and healthy food supply; safe manufacture of consumer products; a healthy social environment; and others. Faced with the overwhelming array of possibilities, U.S. decision makers need help identifying those that can contribute the…
Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2017Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Prioritize Approaches to Obesity Prevention in Childhood
Recommended levels of physical activity (PA) promote a healthy body weight and reduce chronic disease …
Recommended levels of physical activity (PA) promote a healthy body weight and reduce chronic disease risk. To help prioritize investment in PA promotion initiatives, this study estimated the impact of six recommended strategies to increase physical activity in U.S. school, afterschool, and childcare settings. Using a microsimulation model, the authors found that the number children reached by the interventions ranged from 90,000 attending a Healthy Afterschool Program to over 31 million reached by Active School…
Policy/Regulation | Priority Setting/Ethics | Microsimulation | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Climate/Environment | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2015Three Interventions That Reduce Childhood Obesity
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. …
Policy makers seeking to reduce childhood obesity must prioritize investment in treatment and primary prevention. The authors estimated the cost-effectiveness of seven interventions high on the obesity policy agenda: (1) a sugar-sweetened beverage excise tax, (2) elimination of the tax subsidy for advertising unhealthy food to children, (3) restaurant menu calorie labeling, (4) nutrition standards for school meals, (5) nutrition standards for all other food and beverages sold in schools, (6) improved early care and…
Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | North America -
ReviewPublication 2016Cochrane Review: Strategies to Improve the Implementation of Obesity Prevention
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement …
Despite the existence of effective interventions and best-practice guideline recommendations for childcare services to implement policies, practices, and programs to promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and prevent unhealthy weight gain, many services fail to do so. The primary aim of the review was to examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed to improve the implementation of policies, practices, or programs by childcare services that promote child healthy eating, physical activity, and/or obesity prevention. The secondary…
Policy/Regulation | Evidence Synthesis | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Clinical Care | Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Strengthening Systems to Create Healthy Food Environments and Reduce Global Obesity
This series paper argued for a strengthening of accountability systems across all actors to substantially …
This series paper argued for a strengthening of accountability systems across all actors to substantially improve performance on obesity reduction. To achieve the World Health Organization’s target to halt the rise in obesity and diabetes, dramatic actions are needed to improve the healthiness of food environments. In view of the industry opposition and government reluctance to regulate for healthier food environments, quasi-regulatory approaches might achieve progress. A four step accountability framework (take the account, share…
Policy/Regulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Global Governance | Climate/Environment | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Mobilization of Public Support for Policy Actions to Prevent Obesity
This series paper outlines a need to overhaul current strategies and reprioritizations of resources of …
This series paper outlines a need to overhaul current strategies and reprioritizations of resources of public support for policy actions to prevent obesity. Public mobilization is needed to enact obesity-prevention policies and to mitigate reaction against their implementation. Strategies to increase popular demand for obesity-prevention policies include refinement and streamlining of public information, identification of effective obesity frames for each population, strengthening of media advocacy, building of citizen protest and engagement, and development of a…
Policy/Regulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Culture/Society | Education/Labor | Food/Agriculture | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Child and Adolescent Obesity: Part of a Bigger Picture
This series paper stresses a need for the governance of food supply and food markets …
This series paper stresses a need for the governance of food supply and food markets to be improved and commercial activities subordinated to protect and promote children's health. The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has risen substantially worldwide in less than one generation. In the U.S., the average weight of a child has risen by more than 5 kg within three decades, to a point where a third of the country's children are overweight…
Policy/Regulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Culture/Society | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
ArticlePublication 2015Management of Obesity: Improvement of Training & Systems for Prevention & Care
This series paper notes that obesity poses an enormous clinical burden and that innovative treatment …
This series paper notes that obesity poses an enormous clinical burden and that innovative treatment and care-delivery strategies are needed. Although the caloric deficits achieved by increased awareness, policy, and environmental approaches have begun to achieve reductions in the prevalence of obesity in some countries, these approaches are insufficient to achieve weight loss in patients with severe obesity. In addition to biases and unfounded assumptions about patients with obesity, absence of training in behavior-change strategies…
Policy/Regulation | Child/Nutrition | Chronic Disease/Risk | Health Systems | Business/Industry | Food/Agriculture | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global
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