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Working PaperPublication 2017Economy-Wide Effects of Health and Environmental Interventions in Support of BCA
This paper outlines relevant literature, makes pragmatic near-term recommendations, and suggests longer-term directions for research …
This paper outlines relevant literature, makes pragmatic near-term recommendations, and suggests longer-term directions for research to enhance the potential to apply economy-wide modeling approaches to health and environmental improvements in low and middle income country settings. The authors describe a case study funded by the Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment, with World Bank support, that evaluates a broad set of planned health and environmental interventions, separately and together, over 25 years and considers impacts…
Social Determinants | Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Increasing Education in Lower-Middle-Income Countries
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses …
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses have focused on the effect of education on future wages. However, the available evidence also suggests that education reduces under-five and adult mortality rates. This paper estimates how net benefits, as well as the ratio of benefits to costs, responds to the approach used to value mortality risk reductions. It considers one additional year of schooling in lower-middle-income countries, incremental…
Social Determinants | Health Outcomes | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Education/Labor | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2017CBA of Early Childhood Nutrition Intervention to Prevent Stunting in Haiti
This is one of two case studies that was conducted to support the Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference …
This is one of two case studies that was conducted to support the Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference Case Workshop, held on November 2-3, 2017, which is part of the second phase of a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop guidelines for high quality benefit-cost analyses. These guidelines will provide a reference case that promotes comparability across analyses, and will include principles, methodological specifications, and reporting standards. They will build on the existing iDSI…
Social Determinants | Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Child/Nutrition | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Changes in Time Use
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income …
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on time spent in the informal sector; i.e., for which no compensation is received. Valuing changes in time use is often a critical element of economic analyses of development projects, which may affect the time spent in activities such as collecting water or traveling to health clinics. The authors find support for a commonly-used benchmark of 50% of…
Social Determinants | Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing the Distribution of Impacts
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts …
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts are distributed across different members of the population, categorized by income level or other attributes. Benefit-cost analysis focuses on estimating aggregate net effects. Decision-makers and other stakeholders also want to know who is harmed, who is helped, and by how much. Responding to these questions requires identifying the characteristics of individuals and impacts of concern, examining how the benefits and…
Social Determinants | Costing Methods | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Social Determinants | Health Outcomes | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Decision Analysis | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis
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