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Working PaperPublication 2017Economy-Wide Effects of Health and Environmental Interventions in Support of BCA
This paper outlines relevant literature, makes pragmatic near-term recommendations, and suggests longer-term directions for research …
This paper outlines relevant literature, makes pragmatic near-term recommendations, and suggests longer-term directions for research to enhance the potential to apply economy-wide modeling approaches to health and environmental improvements in low and middle income country settings. The authors describe a case study funded by the Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment, with World Bank support, that evaluates a broad set of planned health and environmental interventions, separately and together, over 25 years and considers impacts…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Social Determinants | Environmental Health | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Sub-Saharan Africa | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Increasing Education in Lower-Middle-Income Countries
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses …
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses have focused on the effect of education on future wages. However, the available evidence also suggests that education reduces under-five and adult mortality rates. This paper estimates how net benefits, as well as the ratio of benefits to costs, responds to the approach used to value mortality risk reductions. It considers one additional year of schooling in lower-middle-income countries, incremental…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Health Outcomes | Decision Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Education/Labor | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Protection against Financial Risk
This paper explores the value of the financial risk protection provided by health insurance. While …
This paper explores the value of the financial risk protection provided by health insurance. While the benefits of reducing financial risks have long been recognized, less attention has been paid to how best to measure them. This paper provides a framework for assessing these benefits, focusing on three types of impacts: pooling the risk of unexpected medical expenditures between healthy and sick households, redistributing resources from high to low income recipients, and smoothing consumption over…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Decision Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2014Evaluation of FDA Benefit-Cost Analysis of Graphic Warning Labels
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to do a regulatory impact analysis assessing …
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to do a regulatory impact analysis assessing the costs and benefits of its tobacco products and other regulations. This paper provides a critical review of the approach the FDA used in its proposed and final graphic warning label rule, and includes recommendations on how to improve the analysis in ways that account for the differences between tobacco use and consumption of most consumer products. To date, FDA…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Policy/Regulation | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
GuidelinesPublication 2014Methods for Economic Evaluation Project
This report details the work of the Methods for Economic Evaluation Project (MEEP), which aims …
This report details the work of the Methods for Economic Evaluation Project (MEEP), which aims to promote a consistency in the methods used for economic evaluations. The report is targeted especially at low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a major funder of health economic evaluations in LMICs, but there is substantial variation in the methods used and the quality of the analyses produced. The report drew on expertise from…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Climate/Environment | Education/Labor | Health/Medicine | Global -
GuidelinesWeb Portal 2017iDSI Reference Case for Economic Evaluation
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and …
This is a reference case which gives 12 principles to guide the planning, conduct and reporting of health economic evaluations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The International Decision Support Group (iDSI) is a network of health, policy and economic experts. It builds on the approaches of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK, the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP) in Thailand and the World Health Organization. iDSI…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Health/Medicine | Global -
OrganizationWeb Portal 2024International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI)
The International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI) is a global network of health, policy and economic …
The International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI) is a global network of health, policy and economic expertise, working to achieve Universal Health Coverage and The Health Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 3). They are committed to robust evidence, analysis and decision-making that policymakers, funders and researchers can use to balance trade-offs between different policy options and model potential results to make the best choice available. They support countries to make better decisions about how much public money…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Technology Assessment | Costing Methods | Health Outcomes | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | Global -
Working PaperPublication 2017CBA of Early Childhood Nutrition Intervention to Prevent Stunting in Haiti
This is one of two case studies that was conducted to support the Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference …
This is one of two case studies that was conducted to support the Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference Case Workshop, held on November 2-3, 2017, which is part of the second phase of a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to develop guidelines for high quality benefit-cost analyses. These guidelines will provide a reference case that promotes comparability across analyses, and will include principles, methodological specifications, and reporting standards. They will build on the existing iDSI…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Child/Nutrition | Social Determinants | Health Systems | Climate/Environment | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Latin America & Caribbean -
ReportPublication 2017Benefit-Cost Analysis: Scoping Report
This report supports the scoping phase of the project, Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference Case: Principles, Methods, …
This report supports the scoping phase of the project, Benefit-Cost Analysis Reference Case: Principles, Methods, and Standards, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The report reviews and evaluates the current use of benefit-cost analysis, focusing on investments in health and development in low- and middle-income countries. In the scoping report, the authors: Discuss the relationship of this effort to the existing iDSI Reference Case and describe the overall benefit-cost analysis framework. Identify…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Probability/Bayes | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Decision Theory | Costing Methods | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Health Systems | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Europe -
ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Changes in Time Use
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income …
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on time spent in the informal sector; i.e., for which no compensation is received. Valuing changes in time use is often a critical element of economic analyses of development projects, which may affect the time spent in activities such as collecting water or traveling to health clinics. The authors find support for a commonly-used benchmark of 50% of…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Decision Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Assessing the Distribution of Impacts
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts …
This paper discusses the need to supplement benefit-cost analysis with estimates of how the impacts are distributed across different members of the population, categorized by income level or other attributes. Benefit-cost analysis focuses on estimating aggregate net effects. Decision-makers and other stakeholders also want to know who is harmed, who is helped, and by how much. Responding to these questions requires identifying the characteristics of individuals and impacts of concern, examining how the benefits and…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Costing Methods | Decision Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
Working PaperPublication 2018Valuing Nonfatal Health Risk Reductions
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- …
This paper explores approaches for valuing nonfatal risk reductions associated with policy choices in low- and middle-income countries. The approach for valuation ideally would be based on estimates of individuals’ willingness to pay for changes in their own risks. However, high quality valuation research is not available for many nonfatal conditions even in high-income settings. Typically, two approaches are used either alone or in combination as rough proxies. The first involves applying an estimate of…
Priority Setting/Ethics | Preferences/Values | Benefit-Cost Analysis | Health Outcomes | Decision Analysis | Social Determinants | Policy/Regulation | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis
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