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ArticlePublication 2019Increasing Education in Lower-Middle-Income Countries
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses …
This case study examines the effects of increased education on mortality risks. Historically, benefit-cost analyses have focused on the effect of education on future wages. However, the available evidence also suggests that education reduces under-five and adult mortality rates. This paper estimates how net benefits, as well as the ratio of benefits to costs, responds to the approach used to value mortality risk reductions. It considers one additional year of schooling in lower-middle-income countries, incremental…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Decision Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Health Outcomes | Social Determinants | Education/Labor | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Protection against Financial Risk
This paper explores the value of the financial risk protection provided by health insurance. While …
This paper explores the value of the financial risk protection provided by health insurance. While the benefits of reducing financial risks have long been recognized, less attention has been paid to how best to measure them. This paper provides a framework for assessing these benefits, focusing on three types of impacts: pooling the risk of unexpected medical expenditures between healthy and sick households, redistributing resources from high to low income recipients, and smoothing consumption over…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | Decision Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Health Systems | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis -
ArticlePublication 2014Evaluation of FDA Benefit-Cost Analysis of Graphic Warning Labels
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to do a regulatory impact analysis assessing …
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to do a regulatory impact analysis assessing the costs and benefits of its tobacco products and other regulations. This paper provides a critical review of the approach the FDA used in its proposed and final graphic warning label rule, and includes recommendations on how to improve the analysis in ways that account for the differences between tobacco use and consumption of most consumer products. To date, FDA…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Costing Methods | Chronic Disease/Risk | Government/Law | Health/Medicine | North America -
ArticlePublication 2019Valuing Changes in Time Use
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income …
This paper reviews the literature on the monetary value of time in low- and middle-income countries, focusing on time spent in the informal sector; i.e., for which no compensation is received. Valuing changes in time use is often a critical element of economic analyses of development projects, which may affect the time spent in activities such as collecting water or traveling to health clinics. The authors find support for a commonly-used benchmark of 50% of…
Benefit-Cost Analysis | Decision Analysis | Policy/Regulation | Preferences/Values | Priority Setting/Ethics | Costing Methods | Social Determinants | Economics/Finance | Health/Medicine | Global | Critical Thinking/Analysis
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